Chapter 9-joints Flashcards
Articulations
Aka- joints
Points where bones meet
Three classifications of joints
Fixed/ fiberous
Semi movable/ cartilaginous
Freely movable/ synovial
Fibrous joints
Synarthroses
When collagen fibers from one bone penetrate the adjacent bone, anchoring them together
Cartilaginous joint
Amphiarthroses
Two bones are joined by cartilage, slightly movable
Synovial joints
Diarthroses
Freely movable, most numerous and versatile of all the body joints
Contains:
Joint capsule-envelope surrounding the synovial joint
Synovial membrane-membrane that lines inside of the joint and secretes synovial fluid
Joint cavity- space between bones allowing movement filled with synovial fluid
Articular cartilage-layer if hyaline cartilage that lines the end of bone surfaces
Ligaments-connective tissue that helps bind the bones firmly together
Bursa
Small sacs containing synovial fluid
In synovial joints
Prevent friction between bone and muscles or tendons
Ball and socket joint
Ball shaped head of one bone fits into a cup shaped socket of another bone
Forms the widest range of motion
Pivot joint
Projection from one bone articulates with a ring shaped socket of another bone allowing the bones to rotate or pivot
Hinge joint
Convex surface of one bone fits into a concave surface of another joint
Allows a back and forth motion
Saddle joint
When one bones surface is concave and the others is convex
Allows back and forth and side to side movements
Condyloid joint
Oval convex surface on one bone fits into a similarly shaped depression of another
Allow flexion and extension and side to side
Gliding joint
Two relatively flat bones slide over each other
Limited movement
Flexion
Bending a joint to decrease the angle
Extension
Bending a joint to decrease the angle
Hypertension
Extreme extension of a joint beyond it’s normally straight position
