Chapter 9-joints

Question 1

Articulations

Answer 1

Aka- joints

Points where bones meet

Question 2

Three classifications of joints

Answer 2

Fixed/ fiberous
Semi movable/ cartilaginous
Freely movable/ synovial

Question 3

Fibrous joints

Answer 3

Synarthroses

When collagen fibers from one bone penetrate the adjacent bone, anchoring them together

Question 4

Cartilaginous joint

Answer 4

Amphiarthroses

Two bones are joined by cartilage, slightly movable

Question 5

Synovial joints

Answer 5

Diarthroses
Freely movable, most numerous and versatile of all the body joints
Contains:
Joint capsule-envelope surrounding the synovial joint
Synovial membrane-membrane that lines inside of the joint and secretes synovial fluid
Joint cavity- space between bones allowing movement filled with synovial fluid
Articular cartilage-layer if hyaline cartilage that lines the end of bone surfaces
Ligaments-connective tissue that helps bind the bones firmly together

Question 6

Bursa

Answer 6

Small sacs containing synovial fluid
In synovial joints
Prevent friction between bone and muscles or tendons

Question 7

Ball and socket joint

Answer 7

Ball shaped head of one bone fits into a cup shaped socket of another bone
Forms the widest range of motion

Question 8

Pivot joint

Answer 8

Projection from one bone articulates with a ring shaped socket of another bone allowing the bones to rotate or pivot

Question 9

Hinge joint

Answer 9

Convex surface of one bone fits into a concave surface of another joint
Allows a back and forth motion

Question 10

Saddle joint

Answer 10

When one bones surface is concave and the others is convex

Allows back and forth and side to side movements

Question 11

Condyloid joint

Answer 11

Oval convex surface on one bone fits into a similarly shaped depression of another
Allow flexion and extension and side to side

Question 12

Gliding joint

Answer 12

Two relatively flat bones slide over each other

Limited movement

Question 13

Flexion

Answer 13

Bending a joint to decrease the angle

Question 14

Extension

Answer 14

Bending a joint to decrease the angle

Question 15

Hypertension

Answer 15

Extreme extension of a joint beyond it’s normally straight position

Question 16

Dorsiflection

Answer 16

Moving the toes or food upward

Question 17

Plantar flexion

Answer 17

Moving toes or foot downward

Question 18

Abduction

Answer 18

Movement of a body part away from the midline

Question 19

Adduction

Answer 19

Moving a body part towards the midline

Question 20

Circumduction

Answer 20

When the distal end of an appendage moves in a circle

Question 21

Internal rotation

Answer 21

When a bone spins towards the body’s midline

Question 22

External rotation

Answer 22

When a bone spins away from the body’s midline

Question 23

Supination

Answer 23

Movement that turns the palm upward

Question 24

Pronation

Answer 24

Movement that turns the palm downward

Question 25

Inversion

Answer 25

Foot movement the turns the sole medially towards the other foot

Question 26

Eversion

Answer 26

Foot movement that turns the sole laterally away from the other foot

Question 27

Protraction

Answer 27

Moves a part forward

Question 28

Retraction

Answer 28

Moves a part backwards

Question 29

Shoulder joint

Answer 29

Humeroscapular joint Or Glenoidhumeral joint Supported by 5 principal ligaments and 4 bursae

Question 30

Elbow joint

Answer 30

Humeroulnar joint Or humeroradial joint Single joint capsule encases both articulations and ligaments stabilize

Question 31

Knee joint

Answer 31

Tibiofemoral joint Largest joint in the body Most complex 13 bursae