Chapter 5-tissue

Question 1

Tissue

Answer 1

Group of similar cells that preform a common function

Question 2

4 Types of tissue

Answer 2

Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Muscular

Question 3

Ectoderm

Answer 3

Makes epidermis and nervous

Question 4

Endoderm

Answer 4

Makes lung tissue thyroid tissue and pancreas tissue

Question 5

Mesoderm

Answer 5

Makes connective tissue and muscle tissue
Cardiac muscle 
Skeletal muscle
Bone
Blood
Smooth muscle

Question 6

Epithelial tissue

Answer 6

Covers body surface
Forms glands
Exposed to environment
(Cover over everything)

Question 7

Glandular epithelium

Answer 7

Exocrine gland- secrete products into ducts

Endocrine glands-secrete hormones into blood

Question 8

Key component in epithelial tissue is

Answer 8

Extra cellular matrix

Question 9

Simple squamous epithelium

Answer 9

Allows for diffusion and filtration because of thinness

Lining of blood and lymphatic vessels, alveoli

Question 10

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 10

Secretes and absorbs

Ducts and tubules of many organs including the kidneys

Question 11

Simple columnar epithelium

Answer 11

Absorption, secreted mucus by goblet cells

Lines the intestines

Question 12

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Answer 12

Protection, secretes mucus

Lines trachea, large bronchi, and nasal mucosa

Question 13

Cutaneous membrane

Answer 13

Largest membrane
Known as the skin
Layer of epithelium resting on connective tissue

Question 14

Stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 14

Resists abrasion and pathogens, some contain keratin

Epidermis of skin, esophagus, vagina

Question 15

Transitional epithelium

Answer 15

Stretching to allow filling of urinary tract

Urinary tract

Question 16

Connective tissue fibers may be

Answer 16

Collagenous-strong and flexible
Reticular- support small structures
Elastic- can stretch and recoil

Question 17

The basic classification of connective tissue are

Answer 17

Fibrous (lose or dense) connective tissue
Cartilage
Bone
Blood

Question 18

Lose connective tissue

Answer 18

Fibers are loosely arranged 
Stretchable 
Areolar tissue
Adipose tissue
Reticular tissue

Question 19

Areolar tissue

Answer 19

Lose connective tissue
Consists of collagen and elastin fibers in a soft gel like matrix
Connects many adjacent structures in the body
Surrounds blood vessels, nerves, the esophagus, and the tracheae
Under almost all epithelia

Question 20

Adipose tissue

Answer 20

Lose connective tissue 
Dominated by fat cells
Supporting pads that protect many structures like the kidneys
Storage for excess food
Insulates body

Question 21

Reticular tissue

Answer 21

Loose connective tissue
Large network of reticular fibers and cells
Forms framework of the spleen lymph nodes and bone marrow

Question 22

Dense connective tissue

Answer 22

Closely packed collagen fibers
Form tendons, fascia and ligaments
Have few blood vessels

Question 23

Tendons

Answer 23

Attach muscle to bone

Formed by dense connective tissue

Question 24

Ligaments

Answer 24

Attach bone to bone

Formed by dense connective tissue

Question 25

Fascia

Answer 25

Bind organs and muscles | Formed by dense connective tissue

Question 26

Cartilage

Answer 26

Type of dense connective tissue Composed of chondrocytes Rubbery flexible matrix No blood vessels

Question 27

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 27

Most common | Found at movable joints larynx and trachea (aka:articular cartilage)

Question 28

Elastic cartilage

Answer 28

Provides flexible support to external ear and epiglottis

Question 29

Fibrocartilage

Answer 29

Strongest cartilage | Forms disks between vertebrae and in knee because it resists compression and absorbs shock

Question 30

Bone

Answer 30

Osseous tissue Made of bone cells Called osteocytes Mineral salt crystals make the bone hard Rich in blood

Question 31

Blood

Answer 31

Only connective tissue that does not contain fibers | Surrounded by a liquid matrix called plasma

Question 32

Nervous tissue

Answer 32

Has a high degree of excitability and conductivity Neurons-conduct nervous impulses Neuroglia- protect and assist neurons

Question 33

Muscle tissue

Answer 33

Tissue consisting of fibers that effect movement of the body

Question 34

Skeletal muscle

Answer 34

``` Consist of long thin cells called muscle fibers Voluntary muscle (breathing, speech, urination, facial expression) ```

Question 35

Cardiac muscle

Answer 35

Found in the heart Joined together with intercalated discs Involuntary

Question 36

Smooth muscle

Answer 36

Involuntary Lines walls of many organs Controls blood pressure and flow

Question 37

Tissue repair can happen in two different ways

Answer 37

Regeneration- new cells are formed to replaced damaged ones (skin) Fibrosis- replaced with scar tissue(mostly collagen), doesn’t restore function (burns all muscle and nerve tissue)

Question 38

Membrane

Answer 38

Thin sheet of tissue that helps lubricate and sperate organs

Question 39

Mucus membrane

Answer 39

Help sweep mucus out to get rid of unwanted substances

Question 40

Connective tissue membranes

Answer 40

Synovial membrane lines spaces between bone. Synovial fluid keeps the joint lubricated

Question 41

Necrosis

Answer 41

Irreversible cell death

Question 42

Gangrene

Answer 42

Death of tissue from inaccurate blood supply

Question 43

Stem cells

Answer 43

Specialize so that can differentiate into many different types of cells

Question 44

Sacropenia

Answer 44

Loss of muscle mass strength and function due to aging

Question 45

Parietal plura

Answer 45

Outer membrane on the lungs