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Anatomy > Chapter 2- chemistry of life > Flashcards

Chapter 2- chemistry of life Flashcards

1
Q

Our bodies consists of 96% of what 4 elements?

A

Oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon

Mostly water

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2
Q

Protons

A

Positive charge

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3
Q

Electrons

A

Negative charge

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4
Q

Neutrons

A

Neutral charge

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5
Q

Mass number

A

Top, number of protons and neutrons

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6
Q

Atomic number

A

Bottom number, Number of protons

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7
Q

Metabolism

A

The sun of all chemical reactions in the body

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8
Q

Catabolism

A

Breakdown food compounds into simpler ones

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9
Q

Anabolism

A

Builds larger more complex molecules from smaller subunits

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10
Q

Organic compounds

A

Contain carbon

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11
Q

Scale for acidity

A

<7 is acidic
=7 is neutral (pure water)
>7 is basic “alkaline”

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12
Q

Nucleic acid

A

Made of nucleotides

Include DNA and RNA

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13
Q

What organic compounds are found in the body

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Protiens

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14
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Starches or sugars (main source of energy)
Consist of: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Form saccharide units

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14
Q

Monosaccharides

A 
Carbohydrates 
Contain one sugar unit
Glucose(most body cells)
Fructose(found in fruit)
Galactose(found in dairy)
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14
Q

Disaccharide

A 
Carbohydrates 
Contain two sugar units
•Sucrose (table sugar)
•lactose (milk sugar)
•maltose (germinating wheat)
14
Q

Polysaccharide

A

Carbohydrates
Many sugar units
Glycogen: stored from glucose
Starch: form in which plants store polysaccharides
Cellulose: produced by plant cells as part of their cell walls

15
Q

Lipids

A 
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Insoluble in water
Triglycerides 
Steroids
Phospholipids
15
Q

Triglycerides

A

Most abundant lipid
Aka: fats
Saturated: carbon atoms saturated with hydrogen atoms (solid at room temperature) animal sources
Unsaturated: carbon atoms not saturated with hydrogen atoms (liquid at room temperature) plant sources

16
Q

Steroids

A

Lipid

Cholesterol is the most important steroid

17
Q

Phospholipid

A

Lipid
Form structures of cell membrane
Fat compounds similar to triglycerides but have a phosphate group in place of one of the fatty acids

18
Q

Proteins

A

Most abundant and important organic compound
Provides cell structure and metabolic function
Amino acids
Nucleic acids

18
Q

Amino acids

A

Build proteins
Contain carbon oxygen hydrogen and nitrogen
Link to form peptide bonds

19
Q

Nucleic acids

A

DNA and RNA

Made of nucleotides (building blocks of DNA and RNA)

20
Q

PH

A

Power of hydrogen
The acidity or alkalinity of a substance ranges from 0-14
Blood is 7.35-7.45
Buffers in the body donate or remove H to the body stay in range

Anatomy (15 decks)

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