Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology 105 > Chapter 9 - Intelligence > Flashcards

Chapter 9 - Intelligence Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Early intelligence definition
(Boeings definition)

A

Intelligence is whatever intelligence measures
-anything and everything is intelligence

Problem: everything is intelligence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Galton’s theory

A

Prominent scientist
-people with better senses = more intelligent
-research showed that different sensory capacities were weakly correlated to each other (vision is weakly correlated to hearing)
-so how could senses be correlated to intelligence if they are not correlated to each other

-disproved over time by researchers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Binet and Simons theory

A

-government asked to created the first intelligence test, to determine who is smart and who isn’t to give more education and schooling to those that need

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Higher order processes

A

Reasoning, understanding and judgment

-reason abstractly
-learn to adapt
-acquire knowledge
-benefit from experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Intelligence is related to

A

The ability to think in the abstract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Spearman

A

Interested in people who get one item correct, will get another item correct
-what is the relationship between the test questions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Spearman’s theory

A

Intelligence was general —> account for overall differences in intellect among people

-if I do well on one test question, i will do better on others —> overall/general
-believed people had more powerful brains than other people = more G

-controversial
-is culturally based

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Spearman’s theory: specific skills

A

A specific type of intelligence based off on a job
-someone with a high G could still perform poorly on a S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cattell and Horns model

A

Model of newly learned tasks
-crystallized : accumulated knowledge of the worlds acquired over time, lasting knowledge, related to openness and experiences —> specific skill set
-fluid intelligence: capacity to learn new ways of solving problems, declines with age

-fluid intelligence flows into crystallized intelligence over time

-supports idea of g and s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Gardeners multiple intelligences

A

-G doesn’t explain all intelligence factors, only one component
-came up with eight different types of intelligence
-different interpretations should have different types of intelligence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Linguistic verbal

A

Intelligence based on how well we speak and write

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Visual spatial

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Musical

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Kinaesthetic

A

Manipulate bodies in physical activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Interpersonal and intrapersonal

A

Inter- interact with others

Intra- insight about self

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Naturalistic

A

Recognize and understand animals, plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Logical mathematical

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Sternbergs triarchic model

A

Analytical, practical and creative
-under represented in these tests
-three components of intelligence
-these three are not neccesarily independant of each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Practical

A

Street smarts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Analytical

A

Book smarts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Creative

A

Creativity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Biological intelligence based

A

-brain volume is positively correlated to intelligence at a .4 level (low moderate correlation) to volume, density of the brain

-higher verbal skills correlated to intelligence

-third variable issue: culture, education

-speed of processing (higher = intelligence tests better due to banked time)

-working memory efficiency

-where in the brain there are more activation (prefrontal cortex, parietal lobe)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Family studies

A

particular trait present in all family that lives together
-trait runs through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Galton family studies

A

Found that relatives that are closely related to people who are known to be highly intelligent were also fairly intelligent
-is this environment or genetics

-concluded intelligence must be genetic (senses come from genetics)
-failed to consider: families share environment as well as genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Twin studies IQ

A

IQ correlates more strongly with identical twins = more genetic
-genetics is not the ONLY thing/that is causes things

-doesn’t help with environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Adoption studies

A

People who are living in different environments
-closely resemble adopted parents or biological parents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Adoption studies IQ

A

Intelligence is most similar to biological parents, strong contribution from genetics
-environment still plays a role (children removed from deprives (little stimulation) to enriched show improvement in IQ scores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Enriched stimulation in children

A

Increase IQ test scores
-daycare facilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Perception and intelligence

A

The way we perceive intelligence affects our intelligence
-mindset (growth or fixed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Expectation effects

A

The idea of what we expect will influence
-creates intelligence

Randomly assigned a title of higher intelligence, and students labeled as “bloomers” progressively had higher scores (based off teachers knowledge and their expectation of those students)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Environment of learning: school

A

Schooling influences intelligence
-people who are educated have more neural connections
-difficult to determine although if it boosted intelligence, or just presented more opportunities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Research supporting connection of schooling and higher intelligence

A

Pre school vs kindergarten
-children who went through both boosted intelligence

Children’s IQ drops in the summer, because they are not actively learning

33
Q

Increase in intelligence = boost in intelligence ?

A

Research shows an increase of IQ in program, but after program it decreases back to baseline if not sustained
-be in school consistently over time

34
Q

Birth order and intelligence

A

Later born children tend to have lower IQ
-assumption: parents of lower IQ have more children —> less intelligent along the way

-may appear but cannot be confirmed

35
Q

Flynn effect

A

How IQ changes overtime in the population
-steady increase of average IQ

36
Q

What is contributed to Flynn Effect

A

-As time progresses, individuals get used to taking tests
-learn how to study for a test
-complexity of modern world—> internet
-increase of higher education

37
Q

Dweck

A

Suggested perception of intelligence influence intelligence

38
Q

When studying group differences it is important to be as

A

Objective as possible

39
Q

Sex differences in IQ

A

Men have a slightly higher IQ than women
-men are more variable (more at high and low)
-women are more consistent in range

40
Q

Women tent to do better than men in

A

-verbal tasks (hormone component-estrogen, fluctuates with menstural cycle)

-arithmetic calculation (only difference is found in childhood -> early intervention, opportunity—> stops at grade two)

-detecting and recognizing feelings (adulthood) (facial expressions, traditional role of care taker -> environmental)

41
Q

Meant tend to do better than women in

A

-spatial abilities (rotation tasks)

-geography (relies on spatial abilities)

-complicated mathematics

42
Q

Infants spatial abilities

A

Show no difference in ability

43
Q

All racial differences in intelligence is linked to

A

Environmental differences

44
Q

Variability within races are larger than

A

Variability between races

45
Q

IQ differences among races

A

May be narrowing over recent decades

46
Q

When we place individuals on an even playing field with comparable environmental opportunities the difference

A

Between racial groups largely disappear and we see small differences among individuals

47
Q

Within group heritability does not imply

A

Between group heritability

48
Q

Within group

A

Extent to which a trait is heritable within groups

49
Q

Between groups

A

Extent to which a trait is heritable between groups

50
Q

Genetics are an ____ factor

A

Individual
-they do not describe a group

51
Q

IQ test bias

A

IQ test predicts achievement equally well among groups
-bias causes differences
-opportunity affects intelligence

52
Q

Stereotype threat

A

The fear we confirm a negative stereotype being applied to us

53
Q

Stereotype threat of IQ

A

Can impact the way we perform on tests due to anxiety about the stereotype of our intelligence
-will enhance factor of intelligence being genetic rather than environmental

54
Q

IQ=

A

(Mental age/ chronological age) X 100

55
Q

Mental age

A

Lead to the development of the IQ or intelligent quotient

-corresponds to average individual performance
-where do you fall in the norms-> comparison of results

56
Q

Flaw of IQ calculations

A

Mental age levels off after 16 years
-start getting worse because comparative group doesn’t change

57
Q

Eugenics movement

A

Effort to improve populations genetic stock by encouraging people with good genes to reproduce and discouraging people with bad genes from reproducing

58
Q

Sterilization laws for low IQ people ended in

A

1972

59
Q

Deviation IQ

A

What IQ tests rely on today

60
Q

Most commonly used IQ test for adults is

A

Wechsler adult intelligence scale

61
Q

IQ 100

A

Average or typical for your age group

62
Q

Fifteen subsets give five scores

A

-overall IQ
-verbal comprehension
-perceptual reasoning
-working memory
-processing speed

63
Q

Verbal comprehension

A

-similarities
-vocabulary
-information

64
Q

Perceptual reasoning

A

-block desig
-matrix reasoning
-visual puzzles

65
Q

Working memory

A

-digit span
-arithmetic

66
Q

Processing speed

A

-symbol search
-coding

67
Q

Culture fair IQ tests

A

Consist of abstract reasoning items that don’t depend on language
-ravens progressive matrices

68
Q

Intellectual disability

A

Onset of childhood low IQ (below 70)
-1%
-mild, moderate, severe, profound

69
Q

The more severe the intellectual disability the less

A

Likely it is to run in families

70
Q

Most common intellectual disability

A

Fragile X syndrome and Down syndrome

71
Q

ADA and CHRC

A

Greatly impacted loves of those with disabilities

72
Q

Mental giftedness

A

Refers to the top 2% of IQ scores
-certain professions (doctor, lawyer, engineers, professors)
-genetics is greater factor

73
Q

Termans Termites showed that

A

Prodigies do not burn out or have higher rates of mental illness

-prodigies don’t stop being prodigies

74
Q

Creativity is measured by

A

Using tests of divergent thinking or outside the box
-uses of object test

75
Q

Creativity also need to be good at

A

Convergent thinking, finding the single best answer to a problem

76
Q

Is creativity associated with IQ?

A

Mildly
-link between creativity and bipolar disorder
-inc quantity of work but not quality

77
Q

Best predictor of quality of work is

A

Quantity of work

78
Q

Emotional intelligence

A

The ability to understand our own and others emotions then apply that information
-doesn’t differ much from personality
-does not predict job performance

Psychology 105 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions