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Psychology 105 > Chapter 16 - Psychological And Biological Treatments > Flashcards

Chapter 16 - Psychological And Biological Treatments Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychotherapy

A

Group of therapies/interventions
-resolves emotional, behavioural problems to improve quality of life
-over 600 brands

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2
Q

Who seeks out psychotherapy more (+why)

A

Females > males, caucasians

-could be related to insurance, and cultural norms

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3
Q

Who practices psychotherapy

A

-clinical psychologists
-sprychiatrists
-counsellors
-social workers

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4
Q

Examples of people with non advanced degrees that can often offer psychological services

A

Social services agencies, crisis intervention centres

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5
Q

Paraprofessionals

A

No professional training, but provide mental health services
-agency specific training or workshops

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6
Q

Why is psychotherapy non invasive

A

Most of the time it is just talking with the patient
-journaling, individual

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7
Q

Insight therapy examples

A

-psychodynamic
-humanistic
-group/family

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8
Q

Insight therapies

A

Focus on the cause of the behaviour
-work through emotions and thoughts about that cause

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9
Q

Behavioural therapies

A

Specific problematic behaviours
-not cause worried, specific problem behaviour

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10
Q

Behavioural therapies are generally..

A

Slow

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11
Q

Cognitive behavioural therapies

A

Using both behavioural ideas and the thinking piece
-thinking patterns, alongside behaviours (symptoms)

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12
Q

Psychodynamic therapy

A

Asked to engage in things like free association (talking about whatever is in their head) or discuss dreams

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13
Q

Four beliefs of psychodynamic therapy

A
  1. Cause = traumatic childhood experiences
  2. Analyzes subconscious feelings/thoughts and past experiences
  3. Insights into subconsciousness lead to get the cause of symptoms
  4. At this point symptoms should disappear

Cause is in the unconscious, need to interpret that to get to cause

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14
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Goal is to Dec guilt and frustration that make the unconscious, conscious
-trying to bring to awareness previously repressed memories or conflicts
-freud, first form of therapy

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15
Q

6 techniques of psychoanalysis

A
  1. Free association (say whatever you think)
  2. Interpretation (point out any disguised unconscious)
  3. Dream analysis
  4. Resistance (attempts to avoid, can be used to access subconscious, signals the need to talk about it more)
  5. Transference (project what’s happening to me onto someone else)
  6. Working through (check in on real life situations)
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16
Q

Sullivan’s influence on interpersonal therapy

A

Participant observer/interpersonal approach
-aim to resolve interpersonal problems and conflicts, and to teach social skills
-short term

Discovered insight is not necessary—> do not need root cause

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17
Q

interpersonal approach helps with

A

Depression, substance abuse, ED and anxiety

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18
Q

Psychodynamic treatments are less effective than

A

Cognitive behavioural treatment

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19
Q

Psychodynamic treatment is not effective for

A

Psychotic disorders

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20
Q

Humanistic approaches was created by

A

Carl Rogers
-all about the person, individual, and growth

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21
Q

Conditions for therapeutic change -> Humanistic approaches

A
  1. Authentic and genuine (congruence)
  2. Show unconditional positive regard towards their client
  3. Empathetic understanding
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22
Q

Person entered therapy

A

Tries to inc awareness and heightened self acceptance
-might be client lead
-helps someone to be realistic, adaptive, tolerant

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23
Q

Gestalt therapy

A

Aim to integrate differing and sometimes opposing aspects of our personality into a unified sense of self
-importance of awareness, acceptance, expression of feelings

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24
Q

Gestalt therapy

A

Aim to integrate all the different sides of self into one sense
-recognizes importance of self awareness, acceptance, expression of feelings

Common —> two chair technique (two visual parts of self = i am all of these things)

25
Q

Evaluation humanistic approaches

A

Hard to falsified
-therapies effective at doing what they say they will
-more effective than no treatment
-mixed when compared to other therapies

26
Q

Group therapies

A

Treats more than one person at a time
3-20
-efficient, less costly, deals with a wide range of problem
-just as effective as one on one

27
Q

Family therapies

A

Working with the family unit
-interactions among family members
-remove barriers to effective communication

28
Q

Cause of problem within group/family therapy

A

Usually that there is not good communication strategies

29
Q

Evaluating group and family therapy

A

More effective than no treatment as all
-at least as effective as individual therapy

30
Q

Behavioural techniques

A

-systemic dsesnsitixation
-flooding
-modelling
-token economies

31
Q

Systemic desensitization

A

Encouraged to relax, while lead through slowly increasing anxiety stages
-opposition state

Effective: PTSD and anxiety

32
Q

Flooding

A

Person stays in highest level of fear provoking scenario until the anxiety subsides or body cannot handle anymore
-very intense and not gradual

33
Q

Modeling

A

Model a calm encounter with whatever the feared situation is, then get client to mimic, until they are able to try encounter unassisted
-guided

34
Q

Token economies

A

Rewarding client with good behaviours
-turns into something of value to them
-more good behaviours more tokens received

35
Q

CBT examples

A

Rational emotive behaviour therapy

36
Q

Three similarities of CBT and behavioural therapies

A
  1. Cognitions are identify
  2. Cognitions are healthy and unhealthy
  3. Rational thinking and beliefs can be replaced (change thinking)
37
Q

CBT is focused on the

A

Present

38
Q

Rational emotive behaviour therapy

A

How we feel about the consequences of an event by determining our beliefs and opinions
A—> activating event (getting a C on an exam)
B—> Beliefs (what do we believe to be true = “I thought I did well but I bombed” “Wow I did a lot better than I thought”)
C—> consequences (of the thinking/belief.. not the event) (“now i am depressed” “now I am encouraged”

D—> dispute belief
E—> effective (adopt new belief)

39
Q

Evaluating CBT

A

More effective than no treatment or placebo treatment
-at least/more effective than psychodynamic/humanistic
-at least effective as drug therapies for depression

40
Q

Potentially harmful therapies

A

-facilitated communication
-scared straight programs
-crisis debriefing
-DARE programs
-coercive restraint

WHY: could trigger episodes, placebo effects, regress over time
-better to not have treatment

41
Q

Psychopharmacotherapy

A

When drugs are used to alter brain and treat psychological disorders
-very relevant

-depression (more then 10% using antidepressant)

42
Q

Biomedical therapy

A

Using drugs for treatments
-can be specific (some work only on positive schizophrenia not negative)
-can be effective on own, or with a counselling

43
Q

Biomedical problems

A

We don’t know why they work

44
Q

Examples of biomedical procedures

A

Drug treatments, psychosurgery, electroconvulsive therapy

45
Q

SSRIs

A

Paxil, Zoloft, Prozac
-pharmaceutical companies making billions of dollars
-suicide ideations on drugs increase
-relatively low on people taking medication

46
Q

Anxiolytics

A

Anxiety

47
Q

Antidepressants

A

Depression

48
Q

Mood stabilizers

A

Diplomat disorders

49
Q

Neuroleptics

A

Psychotic conditions

50
Q

Psychostimulants

A

Attention problems

51
Q

Narcotics

A

Schizophrenia

52
Q

Major problem of drugs

A

Over prescription
-more and more places are able to prescribe medications

53
Q

Poly pharmacy

A

Prescribing of many medications at the same time
-not familiar with counter actions and interactions, how is it safe?

54
Q

Side effects of various biomedical treatments

A

-schizophrenics don’t like medications because they don’t feel like themselves, or a real human being
-libido/sexual performance —> damage relationships
-side effects might encourage you to stop taking the medications
-tardive dyskinesia (antipsychotics) is permanent
-stunted growth in children

55
Q

Withdrawal symptoms

A

Didn’t like side effects… stop taking drug
-anxiety, shaking, etc
-can be just as harmful
-negative cycle

56
Q

Lowest dose issue

A

Start at lowest dose, then need to inc dose based off of dependency and addiction

57
Q

Psychological treatments affect___ as much as

A

Biology, as much as biomedical affect psychology

58
Q

Electrical stimulation

A

Involves patients deceiving brief electrical pulses to brain that produce seizure
-treats severe problems
-people who experience it say they’d do it again
-50% relapse rate within 6 months
-short term confusion and memory loss

59
Q

Psychosurgery

A

Brain surgery to treat psychological disorder by destroying nerve pathways (changes pathways)
-prefrontal lobotomies
-last resort for handful conditions (severe OCD, depression, bipolar disorders)
-MMD

Psychology 105 (8 decks)

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