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Psychology 105 > Chapter 12 - Stress, Coping And Health > Flashcards

Chapter 12 - Stress, Coping And Health Flashcards

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1
Q

Stress as a stimulus

A

Something happening to us
-major or minor e

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2
Q

Stress as a response

A

Fight or flight
-variety of emotions
-continous thinking about

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3
Q

Stress as a transaction

A

An event, and our perception of that event
-stress is appraisal of situation, and how we deal/cope

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4
Q

Primary appraisal

A

Decide if it is actually stressful

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5
Q

Secondary appraisal

A

Determine wether we can cope with this problem
-sympathetic nervous system is activated (alarm phase)

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6
Q

Appraisal process can be

A

Unconscious or involuntary
-cognitive economy

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7
Q

Steps of stress

A
  1. Event (minor or major)
  2. Primary appraisal
  3. Secondary appraisal
  4. Cope or freak out depending on stage 3
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8
Q

Problem focused coping

A

Change the situation or reinterpretation

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9
Q

Emotion focused coping

A

Change your reaction

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10
Q

Diaphragmatic breathing

A

Relaxation procedure
-exhaling activates parasympathetic via vagus

-opposes stress response of quick, shallow breaths (activates sympathies system)

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11
Q

How to do diaphragmatic breathing

A
  1. Inhaling = belly extend, for count of three
  2. Exhaling = push all air out of your lungs, count of five
  3. Do this for one minute
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12
Q

Sleye’s general adaptation syndrome

A

Prolonged periods of stress, animals developed stomach ulcers and large adrenal glands
-people who are ill show a similar stress pattern
-these two findings show that prolonged stress leads to physical illments

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13
Q

Sleyes general adaptation syndrome three stages

A
  1. Alarm
  2. Resistance
  3. Exhaustion
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14
Q

Stage 1: Alarm reaction

A

Excitations of autonomic and limbic systems
-fight or flight
-adrenaline + cortisol

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15
Q

Stage 2: resistance

A

Threat acceptance, attempting to cope
-processing threat—> cope
-learning takes place

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16
Q

Stage 3 : exhaustion

A

Prolonged periods of stress
-chronic
-deplete all personal rescources, left with little to no coping
-immune system weakens, depression, anxiety, organ damage (stomach ulcers)

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17
Q

Long lasting stress reactions

A

-vivid flashbacks
-resilience in children in this stage (adults not as much0

18
Q

Tend and befriend

A

Nurture and befriend people to get support
-Socially based: women experience more than men
-oxytocin released with attachment and trust (calms us down)

19
Q

Benefits of stress

A

-may help to excel as motivation
-moderates self and amplifies self awareness
-helps you grow, learn

Short term stress-> assists us

20
Q

Coping and gaining control: social support

A

Provides emotional conformation, financial assistance, knowledge, or even solve the problem for you

21
Q

Coping: behavioural control

A

Problem focused, taking action to reduce stress
-more effective than avoidance

22
Q

Coping: cognitive control

A

Changing the way we think about the negative emotions
-emotion focused
-good for situations where we have no control

23
Q

Coping: decisional control

A

Making a choice between alternative courses of action
-not changing situation or emotions

24
Q

Coping: information control

A

Learning about a stressful event
-proactive, anticipating the event

-getting a serious diagnosis

25
Q

Coping: emotional control

A

Managing emotions by suppressing or expressing them

26
Q

Catharsis +problem

A

Expressing negative emotions in a way that helps you cope
-helpful to get rid of emotions

-but doesn’t necessarily give you an answer to stress or learning moment (would make things worse)

27
Q

Crisis debriefing +problem

A

Discussing and processing a traumatic event shortly after it happens

-force people to talk? Just talking about an event isn’t necessarily a help for cope
-might interfere with PTSD bc it doesn’t allow for natural processing

28
Q

Hardiness

A

Attribute of resilient people, view change as a challenge rather than a threat
-committed to their life and work, believe they can control events

29
Q

Optimism

A

More productive, focused, persistent, better at handling frustration
-positive health outcomes

30
Q

Spirituality

A

The search for the sacred
-correlated to positive health outcomes
-difficult to measure

31
Q

Psychoneuroimmunology

A

The study of our mind, brain and immune system
-things that happen in our mind can influence our physical response in brain and immune system

32
Q

Inc stress = ___ colds

A

Increased

33
Q

Why is there a relationship between stress and colds

A

-more inflammation
-more likely to engage in behaviours that reduce immune system (lack of sleep, unhealthy foods)

34
Q

Psychophysiolgocial stress related illnesses

A

Ulcers, coronary heart disease, AIDS

35
Q

peptic ulcers and stress

A

Stress plays a role in ulcer developing because it reduces effectiveness of immune system
-inc vulnerability

36
Q

coronary heart disease

A

Caused by cholesterol, fat or immune system cells sticking to walls connected to the heart
-creates plaque reducing blood flow to heart
-angina (blockage chest pain)
-heart attack

37
Q

CHD (direct, indirect, easily stressed, extreme stress)

A

Direct effect : inc heart rate, blood pressure, once you have a heart attack then you are more likely to have another

Indirect effects: exercise less, eat unhealthy foods

Easily stressed effect (hassles): more likely to develop CHD —> stressed more of the time

Extreme stress effects (fewer): instantly have a heart attack bc extreme levels

38
Q

What else plays a role in CHD

A

Type A (more anger and hostility) and type B
-socioeconomic status—> less coping opportunities

39
Q

Alternative medicine for stress lowering

A

-vitamins, herbs, foods
-chiropractic, yoga, acupuncture

40
Q

How to have good health and less stress

A

-stop smoking
-curb alcohol
-health weight
-exercise

Psychology 105 (8 decks)

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