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Psychology 105 > Chapter 14 - Personality > Flashcards

Chapter 14 - Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

Personality

A

People’s typical thinking, feeling and behaving

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2
Q

Traits

A

Enduring predispositions influence our behaviour across many situations

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3
Q

Influences on personality

A

Genetics, environmental, non environmental

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4
Q

Sigmund freud

A

Believed mental disorders were caused by physical problems in the body

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5
Q

What allowed Freud to conclude that psychological problems were in fact just psychology problems?

A

Grande hysteria —> psychoanalytic theory

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6
Q

Psychic determinism

A

All psychological problems have a deeper cause
-dreams are important
-no mistakes or by chance

-no free will

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7
Q

Symbolic meaning

A

Everything we do, even non deliberate, has meaning
-usually sexual in nature
-dreams and symbols

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8
Q

Unconscious motivation

A

Not being able to always understand what and why we do things
-unconsciously based

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9
Q

Three core assumptions of psychoanalytic theory

A
  1. Psychic determinism
  2. Symbolic meaning
  3. Unconscious motivation
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10
Q

How does Freud view personality

A

Three main components: ID, Superego, ego

ID- (unconscious) most primal instincts operating at a primal level (sex and aggression), operates at pleasurable interval (like a baby, always needing), disregards consequences

Superego- largely unconscious, morality/right and wrong, decision making, everything in moderation (example of guilt)

Ego- pushes us to act consciously, delays gratification until appropriate,

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11
Q

Anxiety

A

Ego takes action against outside threats

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12
Q

Defense mechanism

A

Unconscious steps to minimize anxiety

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13
Q

Examples of structure of personality: someone makes you mad

A

ID-> we should punch them in the face

Superego—> is it appropriate to punch someone in the face

Ego—> lets take our anger out on something else

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14
Q

Denial

A

Used to forget distressing stimuli
-death of a loved one
-Defense mechanism

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15
Q

Displacement

A

Redirect our impulses to a more appropriate target
-Defense mechanism

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16
Q

Rationalization

A

Provide reasonable explanation for our behaviour or failures
-form of justification
-Defense mechanism

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17
Q

Psychosexual development

A

Resolving each stage bears implication for your personality development

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18
Q

Oral stage birth to 18 months

A

Focusing on the mouth

-unresolved: react to stress by depending on others reassurance, unhealthy oral behaviours (eating, drinking, smoking)

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19
Q

Anal stage 18 to 3yr

A

Excessivness, loathing, stingy

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20
Q

Phallic stage (3-6)

A

Powerful attraction to opposite sex
-girls: understand they are inferior to boys due to missing organ, desire a power that they do not physically hold

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21
Q

Latency stage (6 to 12)

A

Impulses
-not resolved: driven by unconscious impulses, erratic, bad decisions

22
Q

Gential stage (12+)

A

No problems with any of the stages, you will have a mature romantic relationship
- unresolved: attachment problems

23
Q

Criticism of Freud

A

-unfalsifiable (no way to research since it’s unconscious)
-misconception of unconscious
-cannot replicate findings
-sample size (primarily studied upper class Viennese, small sample size of females)

24
Q

Key neo freudians

A

Adler, jung, horney

25
Q

Neo freudians

A

Many of freuds students
-sex is a social drive rather than developmental, and hope for personal growth

Maintain: unconscious influences and early experiences

26
Q

Alder

A

Maintdriving force for people was superiority
-people are driven towards status

Pampered children at risk for inferiority complex

27
Q

Jung

A

Collective unconsciousness, tap into past lives (ancestors) archetypes (collective knownedlege)

28
Q

Horney

A

Feminist theorists
-remained focused on female psychology with all the aspects of neo-freudians

29
Q

Personality consists of

A

Behaviours observable and unobservable

30
Q

Behavioural approaches

A

View personality as under control of genetic factors and contingencies
-lack of thinking
-habits (CC + OC)

31
Q

Behaviouralist + free will

A

We do not have free will

32
Q

Behaviouralist + unconscious

A

Believe in unconscious part influencing personality, we cannot be aware of everything in our environment

33
Q

Social learning theory

A

Pivotal scientific theory
-sees learning as important, yet argues that thinking plays a role as well
-reciprocal determinism

34
Q

Reciprocal determinism

A

Behaviour, cognitive factors and situational factors all influence each other

35
Q

Social learning theories focuses on

A

Observational learning and individuals locus of control
-can shape our personality

36
Q

Carl rogers

A

Human nature as constructive, and self actualizing was a worthy goal
-optimistic

37
Q

Carl rogers rejected..

A

Rejected notion of determinism
-> embraced free will

38
Q

Rogers: three major components of personality

A
  1. The organism
  2. The self (beliefs)
  3. Conditions of worth (expectations we place on ourselves)
39
Q

Maslow

A

Said that people tend to be creative, spontaneous, and accepting of themselves and others

40
Q

Maslow is very similar to

A

Medicine wheel
-borrowed, stole ??

41
Q

Conscientiousness

A

Responsibility and carefulness
-HIGH: associated with people who get things done
-LOW: sloppy, disorganized

42
Q

Agreeableness

A

Ability and desire to get along with others
-HIGH: want to please other people, everybody is happy
-LOW: like conflict and disagreeing

43
Q

Neuroticism

A

Negative emotions
-HIGH: a lot of anxiety, guilty
-LOW: calm, cold, distant, disconnected (does not mean happy and postive)

44
Q

Openness

A

Wilingness to consider new ideas and experiences
-HIGH: like to try new things, creative, spontaneous
-LOW: set in their ways, close minded

45
Q

Extra version

A

Sociability and liveliness
-HIGH: outgoing, comfortable in social situations
-LOW: introverted, prefer small gatherings, reserved

46
Q

Structured test

A

Questions that respondents answer in one of a few fixed ways
-true or false

47
Q

Projective tests

A

Open ended tests
-look at cloud tell me what you see
-interpretive

48
Q

Evaluating rorschach

A

Controversial —> test retest (usually don’t give the same answer)
-validity

49
Q

Thematic apperception test

A

Tell a story based off on a random picture
-analyze with intuition

-failure to tell apart psychiatric vs non psychiatric
Achievement —> success and income

50
Q

Human figure drawings

A

Draw a person test, clinician interprets your drawing
-large eyes = suspicious
-zero correlation

51
Q

Graphology

A

Testing personality based on writing

Psychology 105 (8 decks)

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