Chapter 9 HW Flashcards
Types of leukocytes (white blood cells)
Basophils, lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes
Types of hemopoiesis
Thrombopoiesis, leukopoiesis, erythropoiesis
Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
Have no DNA because they do not have a nucleus
Important nutrients for Erythropoiesis
Folic acid, copper, and vitamin B12
Hemoglobin transports
Hydrogen ions, oxygen, carbon dioxide
How is blood type determined
By mixing the serum of blood with different types of serum to see if agglutination occurs
How to determine blood type
By the antigens on the blood cell’s surface
Red blood cell lifespan
110-120 days
AB blood
Universal recipient
Type O blood
Universal donor, but can only receive type O blood
If a pregnant woman is Rh+
She will never produce anti-Rh antibodies, therefore she does not have anti-Rh antibodies
If a pregnant woman is Rh-
She will develop anti-Rh antibodies if she carries an Rh+ child, she will not develop anti-Rh antibodies if she Carrie’s an Rh- child, she does not have anti-Rh antibodies
Layers of a spun tube of blood in a centrifuge
Bottom layer is RBCs which are the heaviest (45% of whole blood), top straw-colored layer is plasma which are the most abundant (55% of whole blood)
Blood test that gives percentage of each leukocyte (WBCs) of the total number of leukocytes
White blood cell differential
Blood test that measures the number of leukocytes (WBCs)
White blood cell count
Blood test that measures the percentage of erythrocytes (RBCs) to whole blood
Hematocrit
Sickle cell
Disorder characterized by an alternative form of hemoglobin that changes the shape of a RBC
Erythropoietin
Stimulates red blood cell production
What happens to the four globin chains when hemoglobin is broken down by the liver and spleen
They are broken down to free amino acids which are then recycled to the bone marrow
What happens to the heme when hemoglobin is broken down by the liver and spleen
It is broken down to iron and billrubin
Agglutination
Happens when two non-compatible blood types are mixed together
Thrombus
A stationary, unnecessary clot
Embolus
A moving, unnecessary clot
Normal platelet count
165,000 - 415,000/mm3 of blood
Normal WBC count
3,540-9,060/mm3 of blood
Hemopoiesis
The production of blood cells
Serum
Plasma with clotting factors removed
Order of hemostasis
Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation
Function of thrombocytes
To form platelet plugs and release clotting factors
Most abundant component of plasma
Water
Fibrinolysis
Process of dissolving an unnecessary blood clot
What makes hemoglobin a buffer
Hemoglobin binds H+ ions
What produces Thrombopoietin
Kidney
RBCs role in the various functions of the blood
Transportation and regulation
WBCs role in the various functions of the blood
Protection
Globulin
Describes antibodies found in plasma
Hemolytic anemia
Caused by the destruction of RBCs
Pernicious anemia
Caused by the lack of intrinsic factor from the stomach that allows vitamin B 12 to be absorbed
Where does leukopoiesis occur
Red bone marrow
Lumbar puncture
Diagnostic test collects and analyzes cerebrospinal fluid for the presence of WBCs
Partial thromboplastin time
Diagnostic test that evaluated the function of clotting factors within the blood
Polycythemia
Disorder that describes a condition of too many blood cells
Hemophilia
Inherited disorder characterized by the inability to make one or more clotting factors
Thrombocytopenia
Disorder characterized by a low platelet count
Anemia
Disorder that results from insufficient RBCs or hemoglobin to carry enough oxygen to maintain homeostasis
Iron
Important blood nutrient that allows for the hemoglobin in RBCs to carry oxygen
Inappropriate clotting mechanisms
Anticoagulants interfere with pathways of clotting , vessels coated with a platelet repellent to prevent them from sticking to vessel walls, circulation dilutes thrombin in the blood
Formed elements of blood
Platelets, WBCs, RBCs
Fibrinolysis
Process of dissolving clots
Eosinophils
Leukocytes (WBCs) that attack parasitic worms
Monocytes
Leukocytes (WBCs) become macrophages and phagocytize dead and dying tissue, microorganisms, and any other foreign matter or debris
Most abundant leukocytes (WBCs) in circulating blood
Neutrophils
Leukocytes (WBCs) that release histamine to promote inflammation and heparin as an anticoagulant
Basophils
Intrinsic and extrinsic pathway of blood clotting IS NOT begun by damaged tissues
^^^
Damaged tissues
Trigger the extrinsic pathway of coagulation
Not considered a formed element of blood
Plasma
Organs that function to remove old, worn out RBCs
Liver and spleen
Shape of erythrocytes
Biconcave
Hemoglobin
Each globin chain on a hemoglobin molecule contains a heme group
Plasma IS NOT free of waste products
^^^
Coagulation
Blood clotting
Vascular spasm
The prompt constriction of a broken vessel
