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Anatomy/Physiology > Chapter 8 HW > Flashcards

Chapter 8 HW Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior pituitary gland functions

A

Stimulates: the production of sperm, wide spread tissue growth, secretion of the thyroid hormone and growth of thyroid, secretion of estrogen, ovulation, testosterone

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2
Q

Hormones

A

Steroids, amino acid derivatives, and proteins

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3
Q

Gonads

A

Endocrine glands, gonads are the ovaries in a female and the testes in a male

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4
Q

Steroid hormones

A

Estrogen, testosterone, progesterone, mineralocorticoids, and glucocorticoids

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5
Q

Target tissues regulate their sensitivity to a hormone

A

By adjusting the number of receptors for that hormone

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6
Q

Protein hormone

A

Insulin, glucagon, calcitonin, oxytocin, TSH, FSH, LH, GH, PTH, ADH, ACTH, and hormones from the hypothalamus

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7
Q

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

A

Produced by the anterior pituitary gland and targets the kidney organs

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8
Q

Amino acid derivatives

A

Derived from amino acids. Thyroid hormone, epinephrine, and melatonin are examples

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9
Q

Pheromone

A

Refers to chemicals that cause a response outside the body in another individual, studied by the perfume industry

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10
Q

Graves’ disease

A

Antibody made by white blood cells to fight a foreign invader mistakenly fits into TSH receptors of the thyroid gland and acts like TSH

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11
Q

Diabetes mellitus

A

Inability to regulate blood glucose levels due to insufficient insulin

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12
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

An inability to release sufficient ADH to o cause water reabsorption in the kidney

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13
Q

Autocrine location of target tissues

A

The secretion of a hormone by the cells of the same tissue type that it targets

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14
Q

Pineal gland

A

Secretes melatonin

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15
Q

Adrenal cortex hormones

A

Mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens

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16
Q

Target tissue

A

Presence of specific receptors for specific hormones based on the hormones chemical makeup and shape

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17
Q

Down-regulation

A

Often a response to chronically high levels of a hormone

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18
Q

ADH (antidiuretic hormone) function

A

Increases water retention

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19
Q

Gland functions

A

Produce hormones, target certain tissues, and secrete hormones

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20
Q

ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) function

A

Stimulate the secretion of glucocorticoids

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21
Q

Glucagon function

A

Stimulate the conversion of glycogen to glucose

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22
Q

Anterior pituitary gland functions

A

Produces FSH, TSH, ACTH, LH, GH

23
Q

Epinephrine functions

A

Increases heart rate, increases blood glucose levels, and raises metabolic rate

24
Q

Thyroid hormone functions

A

Increase metabolic rate, increases heart and respiration rates, stimulates appetite

25
Q

Hypothalamus target tissue

A

Anterior pituitary

26
Q

Half-life

A

Describes the length of time it takes for one half of a substance to be eliminated from the circulatory system

27
Q

Protein hormone binding

A

Must bind to receptors on the cell membrane because they cannot enter the cell

28
Q

Steroid hormone binding

A

Must bind to receptors within the cell either in the cytoplasm or nucleus

29
Q

Polydipsia

A

Excessive thirst

30
Q

Polyuria

A

Excessive urination

31
Q

Glucosuria

A

Glucose in the urine

32
Q

Messenger of the endocrine system

A

Chemicals called Hormones

33
Q

Cause of Hyperthyroidism

A

Graves’ disease

34
Q

Which disorder has polyuria and polydipsia as symptoms

A

Diabetes insipidis, type II diabetes mellitus, and type I diabetes mellitus

35
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

A

Excess cortisol or corticosteroid levels in the blood that result from hypersecretion of ACTH from the pituitary gland

36
Q

Addison’s disease

A

Degeneration of the adrenal cortex

37
Q

PTH (parathyroid hormone)

A

Secreted by parathyroids

38
Q

Calcitonin hormone

A

Secreted by thyroid gland

39
Q

Gland connected to the pituitary gland by the infundibulum

A

Hypothalamus

40
Q

Gland that resembles a bow tie and is located anterior and lateral to the trachea just inferior to the larynx

A

Thyroid

41
Q

FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)

A

Stimulates secretion of estrogen and stimulates sperm production

42
Q

LH (luteinizing hormone)

A

Stimulates the secretion of testosterone and stimulates ovulation

43
Q

Regulation of hormone secretion

A

A substance other than a hormone stimulating a gland, neural stimulation of a gland, stimulation of a gland by another hormone

44
Q

Symptom of acromegaly

A

Organ enlargement

45
Q

Symptom of hyperthyroidism

A

Goiter

46
Q

Tissues targeted by anterior pituitary gland hormones

A

Thyroid, ovaries, adrenal cortex, testes, liver, bone, cartilage, muscle, adipose tissue

47
Q

Endocrine system

A

Communication: Has a slow start, takes longer to end than the nervous system, less specific as to its target

48
Q

Organ that is part of both endocrine and digestive system

A

Pancreas

49
Q

Effects of aging on the endocrine system

A

Levels of hormones decline with age, estrogen and testosterone decrease dramatically with aging, some hormone levels remain high but target tissue may lose their sensitivity

50
Q

Oxytocin

A

Stimulates uterine contractions and the release of milk.

51
Q

Up-regulation vs down-regulation

A

Up-reg is the increase in the number of receptors for a given hormone and down-reg is the decrease in the number of receptors for a hormone

52
Q

Nervous system compared to endocrine system

A

Nervous system can have higher specificity compared to the endocrine system when considering communication with its target

53
Q

Speed of communication: nervous system compared to endocrine system

A

The nervous system responds to the stimulus quicker than the endocrine system

54
Q

Paracrine

A

Hormones that work on neighboring cells without having to go through blood to get to target tissue

Anatomy/Physiology (10 decks)

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