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Anatomy/Physiology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Posterior / Dorsal

A

Backside

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2
Q

Supine

A

Anterior surface facing up

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3
Q

Posterior / Dorsal

A

Backside

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4
Q

Prone

A

Anterior surface facing down

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5
Q

Negative feedback

A

Process the body uses to reverse the direction of movement away from homeostasis

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6
Q

Positive feedback

A

Process the body uses to increase the movement away from homeostasis

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7
Q

Axial

A

Head, neck, and trunk

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8
Q

Bilateral

A

Relating to or affecting two sides

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9
Q

Tarsal

A

Ankle

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10
Q

Cubital

A

Elbow

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11
Q

Appendicular

A

Arms and legs

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12
Q

Sagittal

A

Body plane separating right from left

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13
Q

Midsagittal

A

Plane is exactly down the midline of the body

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14
Q

Inguinal

A

Groin

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15
Q

Plantar

A

Soles of the feet

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16
Q

Superior

A

Closer to the top of the head

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17
Q

Prioximal

A

Closer to the connection of the body

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18
Q

Transverse / horizontal

A

Separates top from bottom, commonly called a cross section

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19
Q

Frontal / coronal

A

Separates anterior from posterior (front from back)

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20
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline of the body

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21
Q

Superficial

A

Closer to the surface (used for layered structures)

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22
Q

Deep

A

Farther from the surface (used for layered structures)

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23
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the connection of the body

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24
Q

Thoracic

A

Chest

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25
Q

Ventral / anterior

A

Front or belly side

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26
Q

Umbilical

A

Navel

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27
Q

Dorsal cavity

A

Cranial cavity and vertebral cavity

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28
Q

Cranial cavity

A

Brain with Meninges membrane lining

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29
Q

Vertebral cavity

A

Spinal cord with Meninges membrane lining

30
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Pleural cavities (2) and Pericardial cavity

31
Q

Pleural cavities (2)

A

Lungs with Pleurae membrane lining

32
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

Heart with Pericardium membrane lining

33
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

Abdominal cavity and Pelvic cavity

34
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

Digestive organs and spleen with Peritoneum membrane lining

35
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

Urinary bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs with Peritoneum membrane lining

36
Q

Femoral

A

Thigh

37
Q

Axillary

A

Armpit

38
Q

Abdominal

A

Belly

39
Q

Patellar

A

Knee

40
Q

Peritoneum

A

Lining membranes of the Abdominal cavity and Pelvic cavity

41
Q

Abdominal quadrants and regions

A

Four quadrants (right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left lower quadrant) and Nine regions (right hypochondriac region, epigastric region, left hypochondriac region, right lumbar region, umbilical region, left lumbar region, right inguinal region, hypogastric region, left inguinal region)

42
Q

Cephalic or cranial

A

Head

43
Q

Axial region and appendicular region

A

The two major regions of the body

44
Q

Serous membrane

A

Double layered membranes that contain fluid between the two layers

45
Q

Homeostasis

A

The body’s ability to maintain a steady internal environment

46
Q

Mediastinum

A

Space between the pleural cavities that contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus, and major vessels

47
Q

Where is the diaphragm in relation to the lungs

A

Inferior

48
Q

Which set of anatomical cavities has an organ that serves as a wall between the two?

A

Thoracic and abdominopelvic

49
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline of the body

50
Q

Layers of the skin

A

Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue)

51
Q

Pelvic

A

Lower trunk

52
Q

Facial

A

Face

53
Q

Cervical

A

Neck

54
Q

Brachial

A

Arm

55
Q

Carpal

A

Wrist

56
Q

Palmar

A

Palms of hands

57
Q

Visceral pericardium

A

Pericardium membrane layer in contact with the heart

58
Q

Parietal pericardium

A

Pericardium membrane layer not in contact with the heart

59
Q

Kidneys and most of the pancreas are in the retroperitoneal space

A

Space between the parietal peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall

60
Q

Visceral

A

Serious membrane layer in contact with the organ

61
Q

Parietal

A

Serious membrane layer not in contact with the organ

62
Q

Two extensions of the visceral peritoneum membrane

A

Greater omentum extends from the inferior margin of the stomach and covers the abdominopelvic organs, lesser omentum is smaller and extends from the superior edge of the stomach to the liver

63
Q

Mesenteries

A

Sections of the peritoneum that neatly arrange blood vessels and nerves to organs

64
Q

Pathology

A

Abnormally functioning organs or organ systems resulting from a disruption in the normal state of the body’s internal environment (homeostasis)

65
Q

Predisposing factors

A

Disease risk factors or activities or that people participate in that can affect their health. Examples: age, gender, heredity, lifestyle, environment

66
Q

Why is age more susceptible to disease?

A

As the body gets older, organ systems can become less efficient. In children, babies are born with partially developed immune systems

67
Q

Predisposing factors of disease in children

A

Congenital disorders means present at birth, genetic disorders are caused by inherited genes, and developmental disorders occur while the child is developing in the womb, at birth, or after birth and may interrupt normal development

68
Q

Predisposing factors of disease for the elderly

A

As the body ages, there is a general reduction of function. There is an inability of certain organs such as the brain and heart to regenerate

69
Q

Predisposing factors of disease for heredity

A

Combination of genetic codes from both parents which can have genetic links to certain diseases and pathological conditions.

70
Q

Predisposing factors of the disease with lifestyle and environment

A

Bad lifestyle choices can contribute along with pollution, stress, unsanitary living conditions etc

71
Q

Signs and symptoms of disease

A

Signs are objective signals that can be measured such as a fever. Symptoms are subjective signals relative to the patient and cannot be measured. Pain serves as a defense mechanism to warn the person there is a problem. Inflammation is the body’s normal immune response to injury and disease. Redness/heat/swelling/pain are signs and symptoms of inflammation caused by Mediators which are chemicals released by damaged tissue that dilate blood vessels

Anatomy/Physiology (10 decks)

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