Chapter 3 HW

Question 1

Functions of Nerve cell endings in the dermis

Answer 1

Nerve endings serve as receptors, they include warm receptors, cold receptors, pain receptors, and pressure receptors, they can also detect movement.

Question 2

Signs of a first degree burn

Answer 2

Most common of burns, sunburns are often first-degree. Involves only the epidermis and includes redness, pain, swelling, and blisters

Question 3

Signs of a second degree burn

Answer 3

Redness, pain, swelling, and blisters

Sometimes called partial thickness burns, involve the epidermis and dermis.

Question 4

Stratum Lucidum

Answer 4

Found only in thick skin

Question 5

Fibroblasts

Answer 5

Located in the Dermis and produces the two protein fibers collagen and elastic

Question 6

How do vitamin A and C contribute to healthy skin

Answer 6

They are necessary for collagen production

Question 7

How does the process of sweating help the body regulate temperature

Answer 7

Sweat produced on the skin will evaporate and cool the body if body temp is too high

Question 8

Melanocytes

Answer 8

Reside in the stratum basale (deepest layer of epidermis). Responsible for the skin’s pigment.

Question 9

The skins consists of which two layers

Answer 9

Epidermis and dermis

Question 10

Arrangement of what feature in the dermis creates unique fingerprints?

Answer 10

Papillae: bumps on the superficial edge of the dermis, which are in direct contact with the epidermis

Question 11

Keratinocytes

Answer 11

Their purpose is to grow and divide. They produce and fill themselves with keratin (a hard, waterproof protein), making the skin waterproof. This allows water retention in the body.

Question 12

Skin is what percentage of body weight?

Answer 12

About 15%

Question 13

Stratum basale

Answer 13

It dips into the dermis of the skin to form the hair follicles, is the deepest layer of the epidermis, and contains a single layer of cuboidal cells. It’s the only stratum of the epi with cells that actively grow and divide to produce new epidermis.

Question 14

Layers and cell direction in the epidermis

Answer 14

Stratum basale > Stratum spinosum > Stratum granulosum > Stratum lucidum > Stratum corneum

Question 15

Epidermis cell type responsible for skin pigment

Answer 15

Melanocytes (produce skin pigments called melanin)

Question 16

What is the body’s largest organ

Answer 16

Skin

Question 17

Elasticity

Answer 17

Allows skin to come back to shape if stretched

Question 18

What’s the difference between thick and thin skin?

Answer 18

The presence of Stratum lucidum is only in thick skin. It is found on the lips, palms of the hands, and on the plantar surface of the feet. Thick skin has no hair, while thin skin does.

Question 19

Function of collagen fibers in skin

Answer 19

Give the skin strength

Question 20

Function of dendritic cells in the skin

Answer 20

Alert the body’s immune system to the invasion of pathogens (disease causing foreign invaders) that could make it through the stratum corneum

Question 21

Nail matrix

Answer 21

(The nail’s growth center) at the root of the nail is composed of active keratinocytes in the stratum basale

Question 22

What is cornification?

Answer 22

The process of epidermal cells filling with keratin and moving to the surface of the epidermis to form a durable waterproof layer

Question 23

Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)

Answer 23

It is not a layer of skin. It lies deep to the dermis, is mainly composed of adipose tissue, and connects the skin to the body

Question 24

Dermis

Answer 24

Composed of loose/areolar connective tissue over dense irregular connective tissue. The dermis is the skins deepest layer. Has cutaneous glands, hair follicles, nerve endings, fibers, and blood vessels.

Question 25

The Rule of Nines

Answer 25

Is how you determine the extent of a burn in relation to the body’s surface area.

The body is divided into 11 areas, each with 9% of the body’s surface area, 1% for the genital area.

Question 26

Sebum

Answer 26

A very oily, lipid-rich substance produced by the sebaceous gland to moisturize the skin and hair

Question 27

Tactile corpuscles

Answer 27

Allows skin to feel fine touch

Question 28

Sebaceous gland

Answer 28

Produces sebum and its gland duct leads to the hair follicle surrounding the hair root

Question 29

Terminal hair

Answer 29

Thick, coarse, and heavily pigmented, forms the eyebrows, eyelashes, and hair on the scalp

Question 30

Lanugo hair

Answer 30

Very fine, unpigmented (colorless), forms on a fetus during the last three months of its development

Question 31

Signs of third degree burn

Answer 31

Full thickness burns, most serious. Symptoms are charring and no pain. No hair follicles.

Question 32

What type of epidermal cells composes the eponychium of the nail?

Answer 32

Eponychium (also known as the cuticle), is composed of stratum corneum cells extending onto the nail bed

Question 33

Epidermis

Answer 33

Skin’s most superficial layer, composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue.

Question 34

Hair Shaft

Answer 34

Section of the hair extending out from the skin’s surface

Question 35

How does skin protect the body?

Answer 35

Dead, cornified stratum corneum of the skin makes entry for bacteria difficult. Skin’s surface is dry, with an acidic pH making it a unfriendly place for bacteria to grow. Dendritic cells of the epidermis stand guard against pathogens trying to make it past the stratum corneum.

Question 36

Why is Vitamin D production by the skin important to the body?

Answer 36

Vitamin D is important for the absorption of calcium from the diet into the bloodstream. It is important for homeostasis.

Question 37

Effects of Aging skin

Answer 37

Loss of some of the sebaceous and sweat glands in the dermis. Dermis thins and the number of collagen and elastic fibers is reduced causing saggy and wrinkly skin. Blood vessels become more fragile and respond less quickly to temperature regulation

Question 38

Effects of aging hair

Answer 38

Terminal hairs become coarser, loss of hair follicle melanocytes causes hair to go gray, hair on scalp becomes thinner, it also becomes drier as there is a reduced number of sebaceous glands

Question 39

Eponychium (cuticle)

Answer 39

At the proximal edge of the nail body, is composed of stratum corneum cells extending onto the nail bed