Chapter 9: Homeostasis

Question 1

A mineralocorticoid hormone, secreted by the adrenal cortex, that promotes the conservation of sodium by the kidneys.

Answer 1

aldosterone

Question 2

A hormone that is produced in the blood by the action of renin and that may play a role in the control of thirst.

Answer 2

angiotensin II

Question 3

A hormone, secreted by the heart, that normally reduces blood pressure, inhibits drinking, and promotes the excretion of water and salt at the kidneys.

Answer 3

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 4

A pressure receptor in the heart or a major artery that detects a change in blood pressure.

Answer 4

baroreceptor

Question 5

A peptide hormone that is released by the gut after ingestion of food that is high in protein and/or fat.

Answer 5

cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 6

A pancreatic hormone that converts glycogen to glucose, and thus increases blood glucose.

Answer 6

glucagon

Question 7

A complex carbohydrate made by the combining of glucose molecules for a short-term store of energy.

Answer 7

glycogen

Question 8

A desire to ingest fluids that is stimulated by a reduction in volume of the extracellular fluid.

Answer 8

hypovolemic thirst

Question 9

A pancreatic hormone that lowers blood glucose, promotes energy storage, and facilitates glucose utilization by cells.

Answer 9

insulin

Question 10

A hypothalamic region involved in the control of appetite and other functions.
AKA the hunger center

Answer 10

lateral hypothalamus (LH)

Question 11

A compound, liberated by the breakdown of body fats and proteins, that is a metabolic fuel source.

Answer 11

ketone

Question 12

A peptide hormone released by fat cells.

Answer 12

leptin

Question 13

In hypovolemic thirst:

when the baroreceptors detect a drop in blood pressure, the heart decreases its secretion of _____.

the posterior pituitary gland releases the hormone ________.

the kidneys are then triggered to produce _________, which stimulates drinking behavior.

Answer 13

ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)
vasopressin
angiotensin II

Question 14

A specialized neuron that monitors the concentration of the extracellular fluid by measuring the movement of water into and out of the intracellular compartment

Answer 14

osmosensory neuron

Question 15

The passive movement of a solvent, usually water, through a semipermeable membrane until a uniform concentration of solute (often salt) is achieved on both sides of the membrane.

Answer 15

osmosis

Question 16

The tendency of a solvent to move across a membrane in order to equalize the concentration of solute on both sides of the membrane.

Answer 16

osmotic pressure

Question 17

Also called antidiuretic hormone (ADH). A peptide hormone from the posterior pituitary that promotes water conservation and increases blood pressure.

Answer 17

vasopressin or arginine vasopressin

Question 18

The spontaneous spread of solute molecules through a solvent until a uniform solute concentration is achieved.

Answer 18

diffusion

Question 19

A hypothalamic region involved in eating and sexual behaviors.
AKA the satiety center

Answer 19

ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)

Question 20

A peptide hormone, secreted by the intestines, that probably acts on hypothalamic appetite control mechanisms to suppress appetite

Answer 20

PYY 3-36

Question 21

A peptide hormone produced and released by the gut.

Answer 21

ghrelin