Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Behavioral Neuroscience > Chapter 12: Psychopathology > Flashcards

Chapter 12: Psychopathology Flashcards

1
Q

In psychiatry, an abnormality that reflects insufficient functioning. Examples include emotional and social withdrawal, blunted affect, and slow and impoverished thought and speech.

A

negative symptom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In psychiatry, an abnormal behavioral state. Examples include hallucinations, delusions, and excited motor behavior.

A

positive symptom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A severe psychopathological disorder characterized by negative symptoms such as emotional withdrawal and impoverished thought, and by positive symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions.

A

schizophrenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A drug that blocks the reuptake of transmitter at serotonergic synapses.
Commonly used to treat depression

A

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The modern view is that schizophrenia is caused by the interaction of ______ factors and ______.

A

genetic

stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Most patients with schizophrenia have enlarged _______ _______, especially the lateral ones.

A

cerebral ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cortical abnormalities in schizophrenia.

A

Thickening of corpus callosum
Loss of gray matter
Hypofrontality
Hippocampal cellular disorganization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Patients with scizophrenia shoe relatively less metabolic activity in the _____ _____ in comparison to their _____ _____.

A

frontal lobes

posterior lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The idea that schizophrenia may reflect underactivation of the frontal lobes.

A

Hypofrontality hypothesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Any of a class of drugs that alleviate symptoms of schizophrenia, typically by blocking dopamine receptors.

A

antipsychotic or neuroleptic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The idea that schizophrenia results from either excessive levels of synaptic dopamine or excessive postsynaptic sensitivity to dopamine

A

dopamine hypothesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The idea that schizophrenia may be caused, in part, by understimulation of glutamate receptors

A

glutamate hypothesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A delusional and psychotic state, closely resembling acute schizophrenia, that is brought on by repeated use of high doses of amphetamine.

A

amphetamine psychosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

An antipsychotic drug that has actions other than or in addition to the dopamine D2 receptor antagonism.

A

Atypical neuroleptic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

An antipsychotic drug that replaced lobotomy as a treatment for schizophrenia.

A

Chlorpromazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

3 typical neuroleptics

A

Chlorpromazine
Thioridazine
Haloperidol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

2 atypical neuroleptics

A

Clozapine

Risperidone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

An antischizophrenic drug that shows antagonist activity at dopamine D2 receptors.

A

Typical neuroleptic

19
Q

The long-term motor problem associated with the use of many antipsychotic drugs

A

Tardive dyskinesia

20
Q

Non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist.
Also called angel dust. An anesthetic agent that is also a psychedelic drug. PCP makes many people feel dissociated from themselves and their environment.

A

phencyclidine (PCP)

21
Q

A dissociative anesthetic drug, similar to PCP, that acts as an NMDA receptor antagonist.

A

ketamine

22
Q

Depression that alternates with normal emotional states.

A

Unipolar depression

23
Q

PET scans of depressed patients show increases in _____ _____ , suggesting greater activity, in the prefrontal cortex and the ______ compared to control subjects.

A

blood flow

amygdala

24
Q 
Depressed patients show:
Decreased blood flow in \_\_\_\_\_\_ and 
\_\_\_\_\_\_ cortex, and the anterior cingulate gyrus
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ thinning
Difficulty regulating \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_.
A

parietal
temporal
Cortical
stress hormones

25
Q

A last-resort treatment for unmanageable depression in which a strong electrical current is passed through the brain, causing a seizure.

A

electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT)

26
Q

The drug class that inhibits the enzyme monoamine oxidase, which breaks down serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.

A

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

27
Q

The drug class that inihibits the reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, and/or dopamine.

A

Tricyclics and heterocyclics

28
Q

A drug that induces a state resembling schizophrenia.

A

psychotomimetic

29
Q

An enzyme that breaks down and thereby inactivates monoamine transmitters.

A

monoamine oxidase (MAO)

30
Q

A psychiatric condition characterized by such symptoms as an unhappy mood; loss of interests, energy, and appetite; and difficulty concentrating.

A

Depression

31
Q

A false belief that is strongly held in spite of contrary evidence.

A

Delusion

32
Q

Any of a class of antianxiety drugs that are agonists of GABA receptors in the central nervous system. One example is diazepam (Valium).

A

Benzodiazepine

33
Q

A substance that is used to combat anxiety. Examples include alcohol, opiates, barbiturates, and the benzodiazepines.

A

Anxiolytic

34
Q

Any of a class of psychological disorders that include recurrent panic states, generalized persistent anxiety disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder.

A

Anxiety disorder

35
Q

Formerly called combat fatigue, war neurosis, or shell shock. A disorder in which memories of an unpleasant episode repeatedly plague the victim.

A

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

36
Q

Patients with anxiety disorders may have ______ lobe and the _______ abnormalities.

A

temporal

amgydala

37
Q

Benzodiapzepines boost _____-mediated postsynaptic inhibition.

A

GABA

38
Q

Patients with PTSD may have smaller volume of their right ________.

A

hippocampus

39
Q

A comprehensive view of PTSD emphasizes the contributions of three mechanisms: fear conditioning, extinction, and behavioral sensitization. Complete the following statements about this model of PTSD:

Persistence of memory and fear may depend on the failure of mechanisms to \_\_\_\_\_.
The brain areas implicated in expression of fear and startle response are the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and some \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ pathways.
PTSD sufferers demonstrate long-term reduction in levels of the stress hormone \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A

forget
amygdala
brainstem
cortisol

40
Q

Early PET studies revealed that people with OCD show increased activity in the ________ cortex and in the caudate nucleus.

A

orbitofrontal

41
Q

Patients with Parkinson’s disease have motor impairments such as _____ and a slow gait.
They also may show a loss of ________ neurons in the basal ganglia.

A

Tremor

42
Q

Patients with Huntington’s Disease have ______ motor activity.
They also have destruction of neurons in the caudate nucleus and _____ ______.

A

increased

basal ganglia

43
Q

Patients with Alzheimer’s disease show:

Progressive impairment/loss of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain and ________.
_________ tangles
___ protein plaques
Cellular ________

A

hippocampus
Neurofibrillary
Tau
disorganization

Behavioral Neuroscience (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions