Chapter 3: Neurophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following presynaptic events are presented in correct chronological order?

a. Calcium ion influx, action potential reaches axon terminal, vesicles fuse with membrane, diffusion of neurotransmitter
b. Vesicles fuse with membrane, calcium ion influx, action potential reaches axon terminal, membrane depolarization
c. Action potential reaches axon terminal, calcium ion channels open, vesicles fuse with membrane, diffusion of neurotransmitter
d. Action potential reaches axon terminal, calcium ion channels open, neurotransmitter diffusion, vesicles fuse with membrane

A

c. Action potential reaches axon terminal, calcium ion channels open, vesicles fuse with membrane, diffusion of neurotransmitter

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2
Q

Upon reaching the threshold for an action potential, the next step in its generation is the opening of _______ channels.

A

Na+

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3
Q

The greater the influx of calcium into the presynaptic axon terminal, the greater the __________.

A

release of neurotransmitter.

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4
Q

Postsynaptic potentials are a type of _____ _______.

A

graded potential

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5
Q

In the extracellular or intracellular fluid, which of the following is an anion?

A

c. Chloride

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6
Q

The _______ ________ period refers to the brief period of time after a neuron has fired an _______ _______ during which the same neuron cannot fire another action potential.

A

absolute refractory

action potential

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7
Q

The term “hyperpolarization” refers to an increase in _______ ________, away from 0 mV.

A

membrane potential

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8
Q

At the peak of the action potential, the axonal membrane approaches the equilibrium potential for ___.

A

Na+

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9
Q

A ______ of the acetylcholine receptor is a substance that binds to it.

A

ligand

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10
Q

Norepinephrine and dopamine are examples of transmitters whose synaptic activity is terminated by _______.

A

reuptake

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11
Q

The ______ ______ potential is partially established by the uneven distribution of ____ across the membrane.

A

resting membrane

ions

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12
Q

The study of processes within neurons, which are specialized to use electrical signals for communication.

A

Neurophysiology

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13
Q

The membrane of a neuron has slective permeability and and allows only __ ions through this channel.

A

K

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14
Q

The sodium potassium pumps pump __ Na out of cell for every __ K ions pumped in.

A

3,2

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15
Q

Action potentials arise initially at the axon ________.

A

hillock

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16
Q

when depolarization reaches threshold __ channels open.

A

Na

17
Q

Summation of potentials originating from different physical locations across the cell body.

A

Spatial summation

18
Q

Summation of postsynaptic potentials that reach the axon hillock at different times

A

Temporal summation

19
Q

Molecules that act like a transmitter at a receptor

A

Agonists

20
Q

Molecules that interfere with or prevent the action of a transmitter

A

Antagonists

21
Q

Cells that use ACh as their synaptic transmitter

A

Cholinergic

22
Q

Bungalow Oxon and curare block ___ receptors

A

ACh

23
Q

Aka ligand gated ion channel. A receptor protein containing an ion channel that opens when the receptor is bound by an agonists.

A

Ionotropic receptor

24
Q

Receptors not containing ion channels. Use second messengers to cause changes.

A

Metabotrpoic receptors

25
Q

5 qualifiers to be a neurotransmitter

A
Synthesized
Released
Recognized
Changes
If blocked interferes
26
Q

6 Amine transmitters

A

ACh, NE, Epinephrine, DA, serotonin, melatonin

27
Q

4 Amino acid transmitters

A

GABA, glutamate, glycine, histamine

28
Q

6 Neuropeptide transmitters

A
Endogenous opiods
Oxytocin
Substance p
CCK
Vasopressin
Neuropeptide y