Chapter 11: Stress

Question 1

3 types of psychological responses to stress

Answer 1

Emotional, cognitive, and behavioral

Question 2

Emotional responses to stress

Answer 2

Fear
Anger
Frustration

Question 3

Cognitive responses to stress

Answer 3

Impaired memory, concentration, decision-making

Rumination

Question 4

Behavioral responses to stress

Answer 4

Startle responses
Escape/avoidance
Aggression

Question 5

The first part of the stress response is the _____ _______, in which the sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for action. This is called the “fight or flight” system response, and it involves stimulation of the ______ ______ to release the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Answer 5

alarm reaction

adrenal medulla

Question 6

Selye noted the relationship between stress and disease and described the connection as a “general adaptation syndrome.” According to this model, there are three stages in responding to stress.

The ______ ______ is the initial response to stress.
The ________ stage reestablishes physiological balance and returns the body back to normal.
If stress is prolonged, an _______ phase is characterized by increased susceptibility to disease.

Answer 6

alarm reaction
adaptation
exhaustion

Question 7

Effects of Stress on the Brain

Answer 7

Reduced hippocampal volume on MRI scans
Cell death
Reduced neurogenesis
Chronic effects