Chapter 9: Groups Flashcards
Team
Two or more people interacting interdependently to achieve a common goal
Stage Model (of team development)
Forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning
Punctuated equilibrium model (of team development)
Explains how teams with deadlines are affected by first meeting and crucial midpoint transitions
Phase 1: first meeting-midpoint; little progress
Midpoint: significant change and accelerated activity
Phase 2: decisions and approaches played out
IPO model of team effectiveness
Input, process, output
Input (IPO)
Team composition, team size, task design, team rewards
Process (IPO)
Team communication, team cohesion, team conflict
Output (IPO)
Team performance, member reactions
Additive task
Performance depends on the sum of all members abilities (ex. Tug of war)
Disjunctive task
Performance is dependant on the strongest member of the group (trivia)
Conjunctive task
Performance is dependant on the poorest member of the group (ex. Climbing a mountain)
Factors that improve team cohesion(5)
Small size, stability, higher competition/threat, higher difficulty to join, higher success
Task conflict vs. Relationship conflict
Task: conflict over content of goals or work
Relationship: conflict based on interpersonal relationships
Social loafing
The tendency for individuals to exert less effort when working in a group than when working alone
Free rider theory
Social loafing occurs due to the desire to benefit from the efforts of others
Sucker-effect theory
Social loafing occurs when individuals match the low levels of effort they perceive to be expected of others
