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grade 8 social > Chapter 9 final exam review > Flashcards

Chapter 9 final exam review Flashcards

1
Q

Where is Italy Located?

A

right in the middle of the mediterranean sea.

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2
Q

Where is Spain located?

A

Pushes west into the Atlantic ocean.

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3
Q

What does “La Geografia Amanda,” mean?

A

Geography controls everything

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4
Q

What two continents had a great influence on Spain’s religious history

A

Africa and Europe

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5
Q

At the beginning of the Middle Ages, almost everyone in Spain and the rest of Europe were what religion?

A

Christian

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6
Q

Who were the Visigoths?

A

People who had invaded Spain from the north at the end of the Roman empire.

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7
Q

What happened in Spain in 711?

A

A Muslim force crosses the Strait of Gibraltar and landed in Spain.

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8
Q

In a few years, the Muslims almost conquered what two countries?

A

Spain and Portugal

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9
Q

What did the new rulers build in the city of Cordoba?

A

A large beautiful mosque in the city.

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10
Q

In time, what happened to many Christians?

A

Many Christians converted to Islam.

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11
Q

What was Spain part of, for the next five centuries?

A

a vast empire

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12
Q

The Arab Islamic world was part of what?

A

largest economic trade zone in the world

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13
Q

Goods and ideas were exchanged among what five places?

A

Spain, Egypt, Syria, Zanzibar, and Indonesia.

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14
Q

What kind of people supported the arts?

A

Muslim rulers and rich merchants.

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15
Q

What three things reflected Islamic views?

A

Music, art, and architecture.

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16
Q

How come Islam discourages showing human beings, animals, and other subjects realistically?

A

because it may lead to idolatry that is worshipping idols.

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17
Q

What was greatly valued in Islamic society?

A

learning

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18
Q

Where and in what year was the world’s first University established?

A

971 in Cairo

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19
Q

Name three places that became great centres of learning?

A

Muslim Spain, notably Cordoba, seville, and Granada.

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20
Q

What kind of things did Muslim scholars study and discuss?

A

They and discussed medicine and science.

21
Q

A series of ineffective rulers led to what?

A

It led to a period of civil unrest and the sectioning of Al andaluz into a number of independent principalities or states.

22
Q

What happened when the Muslims came to Spain?

A

They had reduced the christian controlled area to a narrow strip along the northern coast.

23
Q

The Reconquista began as a way for what?

A

A way for christian kingdoms to expand their power and influence. (war based on religious differences)

24
Q

During the Reconquista, what new thing did the Spanish develop?

A

A new fighting technique.

25
Q

Describe this new thing they developed?

A

They grouped a big number of soldiers all using the same weapon into a tight formation that was difficult to overrun.

26
Q

What Special title did King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella receive?

A

Catholic Monarchs

27
Q

How did the Christian crusaders from all over Europe, help the Spanish Christian forces?

A

They helped win territory from the muslims.

28
Q

What happened by 1269?

A

The only part of Spain that was in muslim hands was Granada.

29
Q

What happened on January 2, 1492?

A

Granada was captured after 10 years of fighting.

30
Q

What was the first step King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella took to unite Spain under one religion?

A

To take over the Spanish Inquisition from the church.

31
Q

What happened in the Inquisition?

A

It became a state run system of courts where church officials put believers of religious ideas other than catholicism on trial.

32
Q

What happened to the Muslims and Jews after the Reconquista was complete?

A

They were given a choice of either convert or be exiled

33
Q

After this, how did some Muslims and Jews continue to live

A

Some left spain, some pretended to convert but they lived with a constant fear that they would be discovered and punished.

34
Q

Describe the expulsion of the Jew

A

It had a serious negative effect on Spain

35
Q

How did the expulsion of the Jews and Muslims affect Spain?

A

The muslims spreading throughout the middle east and into asia.

36
Q

What belief became part of the Spanish worldview?

A

That it was the king and queens religious duty to convert as many people as possible to the catholic faith.

37
Q

Starting with Columbus, all the Spanish explorers and conquistadors brought _____ with them on their journey’s

A

Missionaries

38
Q

Why was the year 2000 important to Christians?

A

The jubilee year for christians.

39
Q

What happened to Spain’s gold and silver reserves in 1492?

A

They used up all the gold and silver reserves.

40
Q

Name two things a nation at war has to do?

A

They have to pay and feed soldiers, train new recruits, buy expensive weapons, and build hospitals, and housing for its armies.

41
Q

Overall, how did Columbus describe Hispaniola as?

A

He described it as a really marvelous place with hills and mountains, but also flat land, and how the seaports were amazing, and how there is a lot of gold, and spices and mines with other metals on the island(over all he exaggerated to make it sound better.)

42
Q

What did the Queen and King do, after they heard Columbus had found gold?

A

The news electrified the spanish court, and the king/queen approved a new voyage immediately.

43
Q

`What two ways did Spanish nobles have, to support themselves?

A

War and land.

44
Q

Who were the Hidalgos?

A

A large class of lower nobles who had never owned land.

45
Q

There was a shortage of what, other than gold and silver in Spain?

A

good farmland

46
Q

Why did nobles not work with their hands?

A

They believed that because of their social class they shouldn’t have to work with their hands.

47
Q

What two things did some nobles become involved in instead?

A

They learned trade like shoe making or keeping shop. Some nobles became involved in business and commerce, and other went to the Americas to seek their fortune.

48
Q

What was the code of chivalry?

A

A code that was supposed to govern the behaviour of all christian soldiers.

49
Q

What four qualities were part of the code of chivalry?

A

military success- a brilliant general, El Cid is never defeated in battle.

  • loyalty- El Cid remains faithful to his king, even after the king unjustly accused him of treason.
  • fairness- he deals generously with defeated opponents.
  • faith in god- El Cid is a good christian who tries to live a morally upright life.

grade 8 social (21 decks)

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