Chapter 9 final exam review Flashcards
Where is Italy Located?
right in the middle of the mediterranean sea.
Where is Spain located?
Pushes west into the Atlantic ocean.
What does “La Geografia Amanda,” mean?
Geography controls everything
What two continents had a great influence on Spain’s religious history
Africa and Europe
At the beginning of the Middle Ages, almost everyone in Spain and the rest of Europe were what religion?
Christian
Who were the Visigoths?
People who had invaded Spain from the north at the end of the Roman empire.
What happened in Spain in 711?
A Muslim force crosses the Strait of Gibraltar and landed in Spain.
In a few years, the Muslims almost conquered what two countries?
Spain and Portugal
What did the new rulers build in the city of Cordoba?
A large beautiful mosque in the city.
In time, what happened to many Christians?
Many Christians converted to Islam.
What was Spain part of, for the next five centuries?
a vast empire
The Arab Islamic world was part of what?
largest economic trade zone in the world
Goods and ideas were exchanged among what five places?
Spain, Egypt, Syria, Zanzibar, and Indonesia.
What kind of people supported the arts?
Muslim rulers and rich merchants.
What three things reflected Islamic views?
Music, art, and architecture.
How come Islam discourages showing human beings, animals, and other subjects realistically?
because it may lead to idolatry that is worshipping idols.
What was greatly valued in Islamic society?
learning
Where and in what year was the world’s first University established?
971 in Cairo
Name three places that became great centres of learning?
Muslim Spain, notably Cordoba, seville, and Granada.
What kind of things did Muslim scholars study and discuss?
They and discussed medicine and science.
A series of ineffective rulers led to what?
It led to a period of civil unrest and the sectioning of Al andaluz into a number of independent principalities or states.
What happened when the Muslims came to Spain?
They had reduced the christian controlled area to a narrow strip along the northern coast.
The Reconquista began as a way for what?
A way for christian kingdoms to expand their power and influence. (war based on religious differences)
During the Reconquista, what new thing did the Spanish develop?
A new fighting technique.
Describe this new thing they developed?
They grouped a big number of soldiers all using the same weapon into a tight formation that was difficult to overrun.
What Special title did King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella receive?
Catholic Monarchs
How did the Christian crusaders from all over Europe, help the Spanish Christian forces?
They helped win territory from the muslims.
What happened by 1269?
The only part of Spain that was in muslim hands was Granada.
What happened on January 2, 1492?
Granada was captured after 10 years of fighting.
What was the first step King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella took to unite Spain under one religion?
To take over the Spanish Inquisition from the church.
What happened in the Inquisition?
It became a state run system of courts where church officials put believers of religious ideas other than catholicism on trial.
What happened to the Muslims and Jews after the Reconquista was complete?
They were given a choice of either convert or be exiled
After this, how did some Muslims and Jews continue to live
Some left spain, some pretended to convert but they lived with a constant fear that they would be discovered and punished.
Describe the expulsion of the Jew
It had a serious negative effect on Spain
How did the expulsion of the Jews and Muslims affect Spain?
The muslims spreading throughout the middle east and into asia.
What belief became part of the Spanish worldview?
That it was the king and queens religious duty to convert as many people as possible to the catholic faith.
Starting with Columbus, all the Spanish explorers and conquistadors brought _____ with them on their journey’s
Missionaries
Why was the year 2000 important to Christians?
The jubilee year for christians.
What happened to Spain’s gold and silver reserves in 1492?
They used up all the gold and silver reserves.
Name two things a nation at war has to do?
They have to pay and feed soldiers, train new recruits, buy expensive weapons, and build hospitals, and housing for its armies.
Overall, how did Columbus describe Hispaniola as?
He described it as a really marvelous place with hills and mountains, but also flat land, and how the seaports were amazing, and how there is a lot of gold, and spices and mines with other metals on the island(over all he exaggerated to make it sound better.)
What did the Queen and King do, after they heard Columbus had found gold?
The news electrified the spanish court, and the king/queen approved a new voyage immediately.
`What two ways did Spanish nobles have, to support themselves?
War and land.
Who were the Hidalgos?
A large class of lower nobles who had never owned land.
There was a shortage of what, other than gold and silver in Spain?
good farmland
Why did nobles not work with their hands?
They believed that because of their social class they shouldn’t have to work with their hands.
What two things did some nobles become involved in instead?
They learned trade like shoe making or keeping shop. Some nobles became involved in business and commerce, and other went to the Americas to seek their fortune.
What was the code of chivalry?
A code that was supposed to govern the behaviour of all christian soldiers.
What four qualities were part of the code of chivalry?
military success- a brilliant general, El Cid is never defeated in battle.
- loyalty- El Cid remains faithful to his king, even after the king unjustly accused him of treason.
- fairness- he deals generously with defeated opponents.
- faith in god- El Cid is a good christian who tries to live a morally upright life.
