chapter 10 final review

Question 1

Who was Hernan Cortes?

Answer 1

He grew up in Spain, and he gathered a bunch of troops to fight the Aztecs.

Question 2

What was Cortes’s personality like?

Answer 2

Adventurous, liked to argue, mischievous, strong opinionated

Question 3

Which place did Cortes decided would be good to make his fortune?

Answer 3

The Caribbean Islands

Question 4

What was the Conquistador Formula?

Answer 4

They would set out on a voyage, try and make peace with the people in the new land, they would invite leaders to exchange gifts(then threaten to kill him), then they would fight, the leader would remain in power of the place the Spanish conquered.

Question 5

While Cortes remained in Cuba, who was the second in command to?

Answer 5

Cortes was second in command to Governor Velazquez.

Question 6

What place did Cortes want to learn more about?

Answer 6

He wanted to learn more about Tenochtitlan and the Aztecs

Question 7

Who did Cortes get to help finance an expedition to the Yucatan?

Answer 7

Governor Velazquez.

Question 8

In a few months, how many ships, fighting men, sailors, Indigenous slaves, and horses did Cortes have?

Answer 8

11 ships, 508 men, 100 sailors, 200 slaves, and 16 horses.

Question 9

What did Velazquez do before Cortes set sail, why did he do this?

Answer 9

He tried to cancel the expedition, because he worried that Cortes would get all the glory for his discoveries and not recognize over the new lands Cortes might conquer.

Question 10

Before striking inland to the Aztec Empire, what did Cortes establish?

Answer 10

He established a town La Villa Rica de la Velazquez before he attacked.

Question 11

After this, who was Cortes now responsible to?

Answer 11

He was now responsible to king Carlos instead of Velazquez.

Question 12

What did Cortes do with his 11 ships?

Answer 12

He sent one ship to Spain with all he had collected so far, and sank the other ten, this made it impossible for anyone who was still loyal to Velazquez to escape from cuba

Question 13

What kind of weapons did the Spanish have that were superior to the Aztec weapons?

Answer 13

Sword, halberd, crossbow, gun type things

Question 14

What things did Cortes do to “show off” when he arrived in the Aztec land?

Answer 14

They were long rifle like that were fired from the shoulders and cannons.

Question 15

What was the third advantage the Spanish had over the Aztecs?

Answer 15

The third advantage that they had over the Aztecs was horses.

Question 16

How did disease affect the Aztecs?

Answer 16

The Aztecs were not immune to the diseases that the Spanish brought, so they were getting sick and weren’t able to fight as they usually could.

Question 17

What were the “Flower Wars”

Answer 17

Ritual battles aimed at getting victims for sacrifice to the Aztecs gods.

Question 18

How did Cortes use the victims of the flower wars to his advantage?

Answer 18

The flower wars were aimed at getting human sacrifices, so these practices made some of the Aztec neighbors enemies which cortes used to his advantage.

Question 19

Who was Malinche?

Answer 19

She was a woman was the translator between Moctezuma, and Cortes, because she could speak Mayan, and Nahuatl. She was given to Cortes as a slave when he and his army defeated the Tabascan people.

Question 20

What 3 languages could Malinche speak?

Answer 20

She spoke Mayan, Nahuatl, and spanish.

Question 21

What religion did Malinche convert to, and what was she known as?

Answer 21

She converted to Christian, and was known as Dona Marina

Question 22

Malinche became Cortes’s ______and ______?

Answer 22

Spy or advisor

Question 23

Who were the Totonacs?

Answer 23

They invited Cortes into their capital city and complained about the tributes the Aztecs collected. So Cortes agreed to give them protection from the Aztecs in exchange for warriors.

Question 24

Who were the Tlaxcalans?

Answer 24

They fought against the Spanish but the spanish held them off and tried to make a deal, They agreed and gave them 1000 of their own soldiers to the Spanish forces.

Question 25

Who were the Cholulans?

Answer 25

They were loyal allies to the Aztecs. Malinche overheard, a conspiracy to attack the Spanish and she alerted Cortes. So as a result the Spanish conquered the Cholulan people.

Question 26

What did Moctezuma do while the Spanish neared Tenochtitlan?

Answer 26

Instead of attacking the Spanish first, he waited. When the Spanish arrived he welcomed them in and let them stay in a palace. He showed them all of the different sights, and the market. (when Cortes and his soldiers saw the market that was when he knew that he wanted to attack and take over the Aztecs, for their power, and gold.

Question 27

What did the Spanish do to Moctezuma, after he showed them all his riches?

Answer 27

They put Moctezuma under house arrest.

Question 28

After this, the news came that more Spanish troops had arrived on the coast. Who had they been sent by and why?

Answer 28

Governor Velazquez sent the troops to arrest Cortes, because Velazquez was scared that Cortes was going to get all the glory.
He put someone else in charge and went and attacked Velazquez.

Question 29

What happened when Cortes returned to Tenochtitlan, and what happened to Montezuma?

Answer 29

All the Aztec people were enraged , so Cortes got Moctezuma to talk to them and calm them down, but they started to throw stones at Moctezuma.

Question 30

What were the two ways people thought Moctezuma died?

Answer 30

He either died because of the stone injuries or he was strangled.

Question 31

What did the Aztecs do after this?

Answer 31

The Aztecs drove the Spanish out of Tenochtitlan.

Question 32

By the time Cortes returned and attacked Tenochtitlan with a stronger force about six months later, what happened to the Aztec population?

Answer 32

The population had gone down by 25% because of the disease that kept spreading, making them weak, and vulnerable.

Question 33

What were the final steps the Spanish did to defeat the Aztecs?

Answer 33

They cut the aqueducts to the city, and made a siege around the city(that lasted 80 days) When they captured the city they tore it down, so it was left in ruins.