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grade 8 social > chapter 12 review final > Flashcards

chapter 12 review final Flashcards

1
Q

According to Japanese legend, how was Japan formed?

A

According to legend Japan was created by two beings, who stood on the bridge of heaven and churned the ocean with a spear to make a small string of islands.

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2
Q

The leader sent a large fleet from Asia, but a typhoon forced the invaders to retreat. What did the Mongol rulers do in 1274, and what happened to the Mongol fleet as well?

A

The leader sent a large fleet from Asia, but a typhoon forced the invaders to retreat.

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3
Q

Who was Amaterasu and what is her story?

A

She was the daughter of Izanagi, she was known as the sun goddess, and legend has it that she went into a cave, closed the entrance with a boulder and didn’t come out, plunging the world into darkness, until the other gods tricked her into coming out, restoring the light and hope to the Japanese people.

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4
Q

What is the difference in size with Japan and Alberta?

A

Japan is about 60% the size of Alberta.

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5
Q

What kind of landscape covers 80% of Japan?

A

Forested mountains and steep valleys covered 80% of Japan.

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6
Q

About 18% of Japan is level enough for what?

A

Level enough to permit agriculture or settlement.

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7
Q

The habitable areas of Japan with high population density are mainly along where?

A

Mainly along the Coast.

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8
Q

What countries are Japan’s nearest Neighbours?

A

Korea, China, and Russia.

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9
Q

How many main islands, and smaller islands does Japan have?

A

4 main islands and 3000 smaller islands.

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10
Q

What is the ocean like between Japan and Asia?

A

The ocean between Japan and Asia is very rough, making it difficult to travel.

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11
Q

What is the difference between the Western and Eastern side of Japan?

A

The western coast has fewer bays, inlets, and logical places for harbours, nv then the east side.

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12
Q

What happened in Japan in the mid-200s, the 400s-800s, and from the 500s on?

A

Archaeological evidence suggests that there was contact between the people living in present day Japan and China in as early as the mid-200s, and between and between Japan and Korea between the 400s and 800s. From 500s on, there was little immigration to Japan from Korea and China.

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13
Q

When the Europeans did develop the necessary technology to go to Japan

A

It was still very dangerous and took several months.

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14
Q

What was the history between the Japanese and Chinese writing system?

A

The Japanese borrowed characteristics from the Chinese, system of writing in characters, they then over time started to use the Chinese characters to write in the Japanese language. After a system that contained Kanji with Japanese characters was created .

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15
Q

In what way are the cherry blossoms and the Japanese connected?

A

The cherry blossoms are the most beloved flower among the Japanese, and the spring blooming of them is a time of celebration.

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16
Q

What season to cherry blossoms bloom?

A

The cherry blossoms bloom in March (Spring)

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17
Q

Why is there an official weather bureau that tracks the blooming of cherry blossoms in Japan?

A

So that people all over the world can go to Japan at the right time to see the cherry blossoms, and to attend the cherry blossom festival.

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18
Q

What 3 things do cherry blossoms represent to the Japanese?

A

They represent new beginnings, beauty, and the shortness of beauty and life.

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19
Q

Name some examples of the type of things the Ainu regards?

A

Water,fire,thunder, wind, animals,and plants as gods called kamuy.

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20
Q

What is one of the most important kamuy?

A

The brown bear

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21
Q

What 4 elements are honored by the Ainu, and what does each of them represent?

A

Earth- land is where life comes from, Water- The liquid that is essential to life for all living honored Fire- fire gives heat and energy that sustains life, Air- Is essential to life for all living organisms

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22
Q

What is Shinto, and what is its most important aspect?

A

The ancient religion of Japan. The love of nature is the most important aspect of Shinto.

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23
Q

Shinto is based on the belief of what?

A

Shinto is based on the belief that sacred spirits called kami to take the form of objects in nature, such as mountains, trees, and stones.

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24
Q

What is considered to be the most important kami?

A

The most important Kami is the sun goddess Amaterasu.

25
Q

What do the Japanese believe happens to human beings after they die, and what do they do to honor them?

A

They become Kami and are honoured by their families. To please and celebrate kami, festivals called matsuri are held throughout the year; summer and fall festivals are considered to be the most important.

26
Q

Since Shinto has no founder and religious laws, what aspects of religion did the Japanese turn to?

A

The Japanese turned faiths from China( Buddhism and Confucianism)

27
Q

Many Japanese households have a butsudan and a kamidana, what are they?

A

They have a Buddhist altar and a small shrine.

28
Q

What 2 things are offered to the butsudan and the kamidana?

A

Water and Rice

29
Q

What kind of area is Japan located in?

A

Japan is located in an are where tectonic and oceanic plates meet, causing volcanic eruptions and earthquakes.

30
Q

What major thing happens every few decades in Japan, causing severe damage?

A

Earthquakes

31
Q

What is a tsunami and what does it mean?

A

A tsunami is a strong destructive wave caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions on the ocean floor. It means “harbour wave”

32
Q

In the late summer and fall, Japan may be struck by what?

A

A typhoon. It forms over the Pacific Ocean

33
Q

Why are the people in Japan are stoic?

A

They are stoic because of the kind of environment they live in, with all the destructive tropical storms, for thousands of years they have had to learn to be patient and quickly start over and rebuild everything.

34
Q

What did the first westerners in Japan experience in Yokohama in 1868, and what were they amazed at after?

A

They witnessed an earthquake, and were amazed at how quickly the Japanese had the ability to rebuild everything

35
Q

Before 1853, was the trade in Japan with other countries that are relatively small, or large?

A

It was relatively small

36
Q

What did Japanese farmers and fishers provide?

A

Food that was sufficient to the country

37
Q

What materials were used from the forest?

A

Wood for building and fuel

38
Q

What materials were used for clothing?

A

Silkworm and cotton plants

39
Q

What materials did artisans use?

A

Available metals that they could find

40
Q

Nature in Japan compensated for what?

A

The limited amount of arable land, that is land suitable for farming by making it very fertile

41
Q

How is the climate different for growing things in Japan compared to Canada?

A

Japan has a temperate and rainy climate, letting the growing season to last longer compared to Canada

42
Q

What else does Japan’s climate include, and what do the people have to do to prepare for it?

A

It includes a brief winter, so the people have to be able to prepare and gather enough food for the colder months

43
Q

What was the main food in Japan?

A

Rice

44
Q

What is the con about growing rice?

A

It requires a lot of time and person power.

45
Q

What else does rice depend on?

A

The monsoon winds to bring rain

46
Q

In the past, what happened when monsoon winds did not come?

A

It would bring famine, and the country would be in turmoil

47
Q

What else was rice used for?

A

Currency

48
Q

For tax purposes, the value of land was determined by what?

A

The production of rice on the land

49
Q

A person’s social status was determined by what?

A

The amount of rice production on their land

50
Q

What did the sea provide for the Japanese?

A

Fish

51
Q

What is another Japanese staple food, and what is it high in?

A

Seaweed, it is high in vitamins and mineral salts

52
Q

What other food is important in the Japanese diet?

A

Soy

53
Q

How come the Japanese see themselves as a homogenous community even though different parts of the country were distinctly different, and what geographic aspect contributed to this aspect of the Japanese society?

A

Because they see themselves with common values and beliefs, and similar nature and character. The geographic factor that contributed to this aspect was the sea.

54
Q

Where did most of the Japanese population live, and what else other than food did it provide?

A

Along the coast on the sea. It provided a communication and trading corridor for them. Ideas, beliefs, valies, and goods were exchanged.

55
Q

Who were the Ainu, and what part of Japan did they live in?

A

They were japan’s indigenous people, and eventually after many fights, their land became part of Japan.

56
Q

What did the Japanese eventually start doing the Ainu?

A

The Japanese then began a program of assimilation, they were banned from practicing their customs, speaking their language, etc.

57
Q

What did the Ainu territory get renamed after it became a part of the Japanese lands?

A

It was renamed Hokkaido.

58
Q

What is assimilation, and how did the Japanese do it towards the Ainu?

A

Its when A group of people tries to make the other group give up their society, language, and culture, the Japanese banned the Ainu from speaking their language, practicing their customs, and they were restricted to living in areas the government provided for them.

grade 8 social (21 decks)

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