chapter 11 final review

Question 1

What did the Aztec Priests keep telling the leaders, during the final siege of Tenochtitlan?

Answer 1

They kept saying that if the Aztecs continue their sacrifices and prayers, the gods would lead them to victory.

Question 2

What did some of the Aztecs think after the war?

Answer 2

Many of them felt that the gods had abandoned them.

Question 3

What did Cortes write to King Carlos about?

Answer 3

He wrote asking him to send religious persons, of goodly life and character.

Question 4

What happened 3 years after the conquest?

Answer 4

Three years later after the conquest, priest dressed in plain grey robes of the Franciscan order came off Spanish ships at Veracruz.

Question 5

What did Franciscan priests vow to do?

Answer 5

They vowed to never get married, to live in forest conditions, nd always to obey their supervisors without questions.

Question 6

What did the priests do?

Answer 6

They walked barefoot through jungles and over the mountains to mexico city(former Tenochtitlan), when they got there Hernan Cortes knelt down and kissed the hem of each of the priests robes.

Question 7

Why were the Aztecs amazed at Hernan Cortes kneeling down and kissing the hems of the priests’ robes?

Answer 7

The Aztecs were amazed because they had never seen a conquistador tread anyone with that much respect.

Question 8

What did the Franciscans and other missionaries gradually do to the Aztecs?

Answer 8

They gradually converted the surviving Aztecs to the Aztecs faith.

Question 9

What did they do to the temples and codices?

Answer 9

They destroyed the Aztec temples and burned all the Aztec codices they could find.

Question 10

What else did the Aztecs lose, along with the indigenous people?

Answer 10

They lost things that had a spiritual and religious importance.

Question 11

What were the Aztecs forced to change, besides religion?

Answer 11

They were forced into a new economic system.

Question 12

Describe the land the Aztecs worked on.

Answer 12

Each piece of land was allotted a number of Aztec workers, the Spanish didn’t pay the workers, but in theory, they had legal rights. The landowners were supposed to treat them well and educate them in the Christian religion. But many landowners abused their workers.

Question 13

What did the Spanish crown do to prevent landowners from abusing the Aztec workers?

Answer 13

They passed laws to stop the abuses, but the colonies were so far away that the laws had little effect.

Question 14

Who was in each social level?

Answer 14

Question 15

What did Jacques Cartier do?

Answer 15

He planted a cross on the Gaspe Peninsula and took control of Canada in the name of the King for France, just as Cortes called Mexico “New Spain” Cartier named Canada “New France.”

Question 16

What did Cortes’s men threaten to do, and why?

Answer 16

Cortes’s men threatened to rebel, because in Cuba before setting out for Mexico, Cortes had promised to make them rich, they had seen Montezuma’s treasure rooms but most of that treasure had been sent back to Spain. They had been fighting for years with no pay except what they could take in battles from the Aztecs.

Question 17

What did Cortes do after his men threatened to rebel?

Answer 17

Cortes agreed and wrote to Spain asking for their payment.

Question 18

What was Cortes’s goal?

Answer 18

His goal was to stay in Mexico and make it a colony of the Spanish Empire. He needed his fighting men to help him in this mission, so he was worried that if they rebelled he couldn’t make the colony.

Question 19

What were the 2 policies that Cortes put into place?

Answer 19

The Encomienda:

• Marriage Law: Every Spaniard in New Spain either had to bring his wife over from Spain or marry an Indigenous woman. Any man who did not have a wife within six months would lose his Encomienda.

Question 20

What did King Carlos doing following those rules?

Answer 20

King Carlos, 1 banned the encomienda system on moral grounds.

Question 21

Who was Don Antonio de Mendoza?

Answer 21

He was the first viceroy or royal representative after Cortes got the governorship of New Spain taken away from him.

Question 22

Why did King Carlos take away Cortes’s authority?

Answer 22

He took it away because Cortes was busy turning his soldiers into settlers.

Question 23

What did the King fear about Cortes?

Answer 23

He feared that Cortes would declare himself king of the colony he had founded and separate from Spain.

Question 24

Even though the new colony was making Spain extremely wealthy, what were some of the Downsides in New Spain?

Answer 24

The people of new Spain could see that what was good for the king wasn’t good for them. The colony was making Spain wealthy, but the actual colony had a shortage of good roads, schools, and housing.

Question 25

What happened to Mexico in 1821?

Answer 25

Mexico became independent from Spain.

Question 26

Modern Mexico’s culture is a fusion of what?

Answer 26

A mix of indigenous, mestizo, and Spanish traditions.

Question 27

Where was it easiest to trace the way these different cultures came together?

Answer 27

Roman Catholic churches of Mexico.

Question 28

Who was Frida Kahlo?

Answer 28

She was the daughter of a mestizo mother and a German father. She was a skilled and influential painter, from a young age she was fascinated by Mexican folk art and sculpture and architecture of the country’s indigenous people.

Question 29

Who was Octavio Paz?

Answer 29

He was the best known Mexican writer. He believed that only by studying the history of Mexico’s indigenous people can someone understand what was happening in present-day Mexico. He looked at Aztec culture for inspiration.