chapter 9- exam 1

Question 1

shaping

Answer 1

used to develop a target behavior that a person does not currently exhibit

Question 2

differential reinforcement

Answer 2

reinforcement and extinction

Question 3

successive approimations

Answer 3

planning out the steps of shaping

example: Language
- babbling
- word sound
- part word
- whole word
- strings of words
- sentences

Question 4

starting behavior

Answer 4

• identify the existing behavior that is an approximation of the target behavior
• example: lever pressing
  1. rat moves to side where lever is
  2. rat faces lever
  3. rat approaches lever
  4. rat stands on hind legs
  5. rat makes move toward lever with paw
  6. rat touches lever
  7. rat presses lever

Question 5

applications of shaping

Answer 5

• generating a novel behavior ( language in young child)
• reinstating a previously exhibited behavior ( walking)
• changing some dimension of an existing behavior (increasing time between bathroom visits)

Question 6

how to use shaping

Answer 6

1. define the target behavior
2. determine whether shaping is most appropriate
3. identify starting behavior
   
   • something person already engages with
4. choose the shaping steps
5. choose the reinforcer to use in the shaping procedure
6. deferentially reinforce each successive approximation
7. move through the shaping steps at a proper pace

Question 7

Shaping of problem behavior

Answer 7

1. mom is working
2. son interrupts and demands she play with him
3. she plays with him