Chapter 3 & 4- Exam 1 Flashcards
research design
to determine whether the treatment was responsible for the observed change in target behavior
independent variable
what the researcher manipulates to change behavior
dependent variable
target behavior
reinforcement
when behavior is strengthened by the immediate consequence that follows the occurrence
- occurrence of behavior
- followed by immediate consequences
- results in strengthening of behavior
positive reinforcement
- occurrence of behavior
- followed by ADDITION of a stimulus
- strengthens the behavior
negative reinforcement
- occurrence of behavior
- followed by REMOVAL of stimulus
- results in strengthening behavior
is not a punishment
social reinforcement
behavior produces a reinforcing consequence through the actions of another person
automatic reinforcement
behavior produces a reinforcing consequence through direct contact with the physical environment
premack
positive reinforcement that happens in the correct order
escape behavior
occurrence of the behavior results in the termination of an aversive stimulus that was ALREADY present
avoidance behavior
occurrence of the behavior prevents an aversive stimulus from OCCURING
unconditioned reinforcers
natural: heat, cold
conditioned reinforcers
a stimulus that was once neutral but became established by being paired with a unconditioned reinforcer
factors that influence effectiveness
- immediacy
- contingency
- motivating operations
- individual differences
- magnitude
fixed ration schedule
fixed number of responses must occur before reinforcer is delivered
