chapter 21- exam 2

Question 1

habit behaviors

Answer 1

• nervous habits (nail biting, hair pulling)
• tics and tourette’s (motor tics, vocal tics)
• stuttering

Question 2

habit disorders

Answer 2

• a habit behavior that occurs with great frequency and/or causes distress to the person
• habit disorders may cause physical damamge
• habit disorders may cause social stigma or embarrassment

Question 3

implementing habit reversal

Answer 3

• implemented in treatment sessions, but procedures carried out in everyday life
• basically a self-management procedure
• importance of client motivation
• different applications for tics and stuttering versus nervous habits
  
  • tics and stuttering occur in session
    
    • nervous habits are simulated in session

Question 4

nervous habit

Answer 4

repetitive, manipulative behaviors that are believed to be most likely to occur when the person experiences heighten nervous tension

Question 5

motor tics

Answer 5

repetitive, jerking movements of a particular muscle group

- associated with heightened muscle tension

Question 6

vocal tics

Answer 6

a repeated vocal sound that does not serve a social function

Question 7

stuttering

Answer 7

repeat words, syllables, prolong sounds, block on words

Question 8

habitual reversal procedures

Answer 8

• implemented in a therapy session with the client who exhibits the habit disorder. the client then implements the procedures that are taught in session to control the habit as it occurs outside the session
• awareness training
• competing response
• social support
• motivation strategy
• client learns to discriminate each occurrence of the habit and to use competing responses contingent on the occurrence of the habit

Question 9

application of habit reversal: nervous habit

Answer 9

• competing responses was a behavior that the subject could perform easily but that was physically incompatible with the nervous habit
• ex: nail biting —-> grasp pencil

Question 10

application of habit reversal: motor and vocal tics

Answer 10

• the competing response used in habit reversal procedures with motor tics involves tensing the muscles involved in held motionless
• ex: neck twitch —–> tense neck and hold forward

Question 11

application of habit reversal: stuttering

Answer 11

• competing response is relaxing and uninterrupted flow of air over the vocal cords during speech
• regulated breathing
• diaphragmatic breathing

Question 12

why does habit reversal work?

Answer 12

• competing responses serve two functions
• inhibit the habit behavior and provide an alternative behavior
• competing response may serve as a punisher