chapter 8- exam 2

Question 1

unconditioned reflexes

Answer 1

unconditioned stimulus elicits an unconditioned response

Question 2

respondent conditioning

Answer 2

after pairing with the unconditioned stimulus the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that now elicits a conditioned response

Question 3

respondent extinction

Answer 3

• present the conditioned stimulus repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus
• the conditioned stimulus will no longer elicit a conditioned response

Question 4

discrimination and respondent behavior

Answer 4

• a single conditioned stimulus elicit a conditioned response
• fear of one specific dog or breed

Question 5

generalization of respondent behavior

Answer 5

• a number of similar conditioned stimulus elicit the same conditioned response
• fear of all dogs

Question 6

respondent conditioning

Answer 6

• occurs when a previously neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus
• as a result the neutral stimulus becomes conditioned stimulus and elicits a conditioned response
• respondent conditioning is also called classical conditioning
• Ivan Pavlov
  * dog salivation

Question 7

unconditioned responses (UR)

Answer 7

• certain types of stimuli typically elicit specific types of bodily responses
  
  • infants naturally suck
  • blink when air is puffed into eye
• no conditioning or learning has to occur
• unconditioned response happens when unconditioned stimulus is present

Question 8

trace conditioning

Answer 8

the neutral stimulus precedes the US but the NS ends before the US is presented

• eye puff after click
• most efficient

Question 9

delay conditioning

Answer 9

the NS is presented and then the US is presented and then the US is presented before the NS ends

 - eye puff before click ends
 - most efficient

Question 10

stimulus conditioning

Answer 10

the NS and US are presented at the same time

- eye puff and click simultaneously

Question 11

backward conditioning

Answer 11

the US is presented before the NS

- eye puff then click

Question 12

higher order conditioning

Answer 12

• occurs when NS is paired with an already established CS and the NS becomes a CS
  
  • air paired with click = blink then light paired with click = blink

Question 13

conditioned emotional response

Answer 13

• ex: baby albert and rat
• hammer sound was US
• startled response was UR
• rat became CS

Question 14

respondent extinction

Answer 14

• extinction of CR

- repeated presentation of CS without presenting the US

Question 15

discrimination

Answer 15

• person afraid of certain dog or dog breed

Question 16

generalization

Answer 16

person afraid of all dogs

Question 17

factors that influence respondent conditioning

Answer 17

• nature of the US and CS
• temporal relationship between CS and US
• contingency between CS and US
• # of pairings
• previous exposure to CS