Chapter 9: Contusion

Question 1

________ - is a crushing of tissue from a direct blow, resulting in capillary rupture bleeding, edema and an inflammatory response. They are considered a severe bruise.

Answer 1

Contusion

Question 2

___________ - develops when direct trauma has led to blood vessel injury, causing a substantial amount of blood pooling which causes pain and swelling.

Answer 2

Hematoma

Question 3

Hematoma may lead to blood clots within a vessel called _________ .

Answer 3

thrombosis

Question 4

______________ - form when trauma occurs within a muscle; the resultant bleeding and healing process can lead to the development.

Answer 4

Myositis Ossificans

Question 5

______________ – Range of motion of affected joints decrease up to 20% due to injury to muscle tissue.

Answer 5

Mild contusion

Question 6

Moderate contusion – Range of motion decreases up to what percentage?

Answer 6

20-50%

Question 7

True or False:

When treating moderate to severe contusions, we must note they can develop hematomas and later Myositis Ossificans.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

True or False:

Bone tissue can form within the muscle (myositis ossificans) therefore do not use vigorous techniques when massaging these muscles, due to soft tissue damage.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

True or False:

In an acute situation if there is joint swelling, you do not need to refer out to an M.D. In chronic stages joint play, and movement therapy, as well as frictions, are effective treatments.

Answer 9

False

Question 10

What are the causes of contusion?

Answer 10

• Direct trauma due to: - Contact sports
• Fracture/dislocation - Strains/sprains

Question 11

What is the primary goal in treating contusion within 24 hours.

Answer 11

Control bleeding

Question 12

Any distal swelling or discoloration to injury site because this suggests ____________ .

Answer 12

vascular damage

Question 13

What to avoid when treating contusion?

Answer 13

• stretching exercise
• heat
• alcohol consumption
• vigorous massage (may increase bleeding)

Question 14

This is a minor crush to the muscle with minimal bleeding. there is minimal or no loss of strength and minimal loss of range.

Answer 14

Mild contusion

Question 15

There is a severe crushing of the tissue with rapid bleeding and swelling. What is the type of contusion?

Answer 15

Severe contusion

Question 16

There is a moderate crushing of the muscle with bleeding and swelling.

Answer 16

Moderate contusion

Question 17

What are the common site of contusion?

Answer 17

• Quadricep muscle ( most common)
• dorsum of the foot
• periosteum of anterior tibia
• sacrum
• iliac crest
• greater trochanter
• acromion

Question 18

What are the signs and symptoms of acute contusion?

Answer 18

• swelling and edema
• tenderness
• pain
• loss of range of motion percentage
• bruising
• decrease range of motion of joints

Question 19

What are the signs and symptoms of subacute contusion?

Answer 19

• pain is absent or present bruising
• hematoma diminish
• protective muscle spasm
• reduce range of motion

Question 20

What are the signs and symptoms of chronic contusion?

Answer 20

• adhesions
• hypertonicity and trigger points tissue may be cool
• reduce full range of motion and strength muscle
• hematoma ( some calcify into myositis ossificans )

Question 21

Range of motion testing used in acute contusion.

Answer 21

• Active Free
• passive Relax
• Active resisted
• isometric testing

Question 22

Range of motion testing used in subacute contusion.

Answer 22

• Active Free
• Passive Relax
• Active resisted
• isometric testing

Question 23

Range of motion testing used in chronic contusion.

Answer 23

• Active Free
• Passive Relax
• Active resisted testing

Question 24

Special testing used in acute contusion.

Answer 24

girth measurement test

Question 25

All are True with the use of palpation in contusion. Except:

a. Acute Heat/pain/firm(edema)/protective muscle spasm
b. Subacute Increase in heat/local pain/decrease in firmness/possible trigger points.
c. Chronic Cold due to ischemia/point tenderness at lesion/adhesions/hypertonicity/trigger points and possible myositis ossificans

Answer 25

Except: b

Question 26

Short term aims in the treatment of Acute contusion are the following. Except:

a. assess the severity of injury
b. reduce pain
c. reduce edema
d. mantain local circulation
e. remove protective spasm

Answer 26

Except: e

Question 27

Short term aims in the treatment of subacute contusion are the following. Except:

a. reduce inflammation
b. reduce adhesions
c. reduce trigger points and hypertonicity
d. reduce range of motion

Answer 27

Except: d

Question 28

What are the long term aim in the treatment of chronic contusion?

Answer 28

• reduce sympathetic nervous system firing
• reduce adhesion
• restore range of motion
• increase local circulation

Question 29

What are the treatment for acute contusion?

Answer 29

• Diaphragmatic breathing
• lymphatic drainage
• swedish massage
• effleurage and slow petrissage
• origin and insertion technique

Question 30

What are the treatment for subacute contusion?

Answer 30

• Hydrotherapy ( cold )
• Diaphragmatic breathing
• proximal lymphatic drainage
• golgi tendon organ release
• trigger points
• vibrations and stroking joint play and stretch

Question 31

Uses water in its solid, liquid or gaseous form, for its therapeutic effects. This is called:

Answer 31

Hydrotherapy

Question 32

Hydrotherapy used in acute contusion.

Answer 32

cold/ Ice compress

Question 33

Hydrotherapy used in subacute contusion.

Answer 33

contrast

Question 34

Hydrotherapy used in chronic contusion.

Answer 34

deep moist heat

Question 35

True or False:

Always treat unaffected areas first

Answer 35

True

Question 36

Remedial exercise in acute contusion.

Answer 36

• rest affected limb
• pain-free mid range
• Passive Relaxed ROM

Question 37

Remedial exercise in chronic contusion.

Answer 37

• stretch(use contract/relax techniques)
• Active Resisted exercises to increase strength