Chapter 4 Fracture Flashcards
It is defined as complete or incomplete interruption, a break in the continuity of a bone.
Fracture
List are types of Complete fracture. Except:
Simple
Impacted
Fissured-fracture
Comminuted
Compound
Compression
Spiral
Complicated
Fissured-fracture
What are the types of Incomplete fracture?
- Greenstick
- Fissured
- Perforated
- Depressed
- Stress
What are other types of Fracture?
- Avulsion
- Spontaneous
- Colles’ or Dinner fork
- Pott’s
- Dupuytren’s
___________ - fracture where the broken bone actually injured or punctured a near-by organ.
Complicated
_________ - fracture has the bone splitting without displacement.
Fissured
_________ - very small, hairline type of crack that occurs through repeated stress over time.
Stress
__________ - fracture where there is a hole in the bone, often caused by a bullet.
Perforated
________ - a portion of bone attached to a ligament or tendon, fractures, due to a violent pull on that ligament or tendon.
Avulsion
______ - a violent avulsion causes a fracture of the distal fibula and an avulsion fracture of the medial malleolus, by the deltoid ligament.
Pott’s
______________ - Falling in an outstretched arm usually causes an impacted and comminuted fracture on the distal radius and an avulsion fracture of the ulnar styloid process.
Colles’ or Dinner fork
___________ - the person falls from a height and lands on their feet. The tibia and fibula may be fractured and the interosseous ligament is ruptured.
Dupuytren’s
What are the material that can be used for casting?
plaster
fiberglass
Three causes of Fracture:
- Trauma (indirect, direct, and spontaneous)
- Overuse or repeated wear
- Pathologies ( Osteoporosis, tumors, local infections or bone cyst )
___________ - a twisting injury causing an oblique fracture, with little tissue damage.
Indirect trauma
___________ - object impacting bone resulting in a transverse fracture with local tissue damage.
Direct trauma
___________ - fracture caused by a bone pathology.
Spontaneous
List are observations to identify Fracture and its treatment. Except:
a. Discoloration - if excessive then surgery is necessary.
b. Is client using slings/cast?
c. Edema and inflammation are usually present but check bilaterally
d. Is client using crutches?
e. Evaluate client posture
Except: a
In palpating fracture it is important to check for:
- Check for heat and inflammation, distal to injury site
- Trigger points in muscles adjacent to injury site
- Check tissue around cast for tissue health
Fractures are classified into several types according to:
- Nature of break
- Location of the bone
- Angle of the broken ends
Fracture where in the skin is still intact. This is called:
Closed or simple fracture
If the ends of the bone broken through the skin or into one of the body cavities. It is called:
Open or compound fracture
Testing fracture without cast: True or False
Testing surrounding muscles and joints involved in fracture is advisable .
Test range of motion proximal only to injury site.
False
Testing fracture with cast. Which statement is false?
- Avoid testing affected muscles, tissues and joints, up to one week after cast is removed.
- Use caution when testing ROM of affected joints, do not disrupt any healing.
- All passive forced ROM is necessary
- Passive Relax, Active Free, Active Resisted are all indicated
- Note any muscle weakness or joint restrictions present
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