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Principles and Advance Techiques of Massage > Chapter 8: Sprain > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Sprain Flashcards

1
Q

An overstretch injury to a ligament is called:

A

Sprains

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2
Q

Composed of flexible, non contractile connective tissue. Occur in bands around a synovial joint, blending into the periosteum and joining bones together. This is called:

A

Ligaments

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3
Q

What are the causes of sprain?

A

Trauma - related sudden twist or wrench of the joint beyond its normal range of motion.

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4
Q

What are the contributing factors of Sprain?

A
  • Congenital ligamentous laxity ( hypermobility )
  • History of previous sprains
  • Altered biomechanics ( rheumatoid arthritis )
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5
Q

Sprain is classified into three level of severity. includes:

A

Grade 1, mild or First degree

Grade 2, moderate or second degree

Grade 3, severe or Third degree

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6
Q

Level of severity where there is a minor stretch and tear to the ligament.

A

Mild or First degree

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7
Q

Level of severity where there is tearing of the ligament fibres occurs.

A

Moderate or Second degree

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8
Q

Level of severity where there either a complete rupture of the ligament itself.

A

Severe or Third degree

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9
Q

True or False:

Pain is present in acute stage, while a chronic sprain may be painlessly hypermobile in the direction the ligament is intended to check.

A

True

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10
Q

Condition that occur when the injury is severe enough to inflame the synovium, increasing the production of synovial fluid and causing the joint capsule to swell.

A

Joint Effusion

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11
Q

What are the 3 types of cartilage in the human body?

A

a) Hyaline
b) Fibrocartilage
c) Elastic cartilage

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12
Q

True or False:

Cartilage is essentially avascular and aneural; therefore has a slow and difficult repair.

A

True

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13
Q

It is the second most commonly sprained lateral ankle ligament, often injured in conjunction with the anterior talofibular ligament.

A

Calcaneofibular ligament

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14
Q

A condition decribes when a joint is positioned beyond its normal range, injuring (tearing) the ligaments and often the joint capsule.

A

Sprain

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15
Q

What are the Percentage of fibres torn in first and second degree?

A

First degree: 0-20% Second degree: 20-75%

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16
Q

What is the degree when there is 75% to complete tear of fibres that may take months to heal?

A

Third degree

17
Q

Third degree with total rupture ligaments is known as:

A

Dislocation

18
Q

Duration of healing in second degree sprain.

A

14-30 days

19
Q

Most common site of second degree sprain.

A

ankle/wrist

20
Q

Duration of healing in first degree sprain.

A

5-14 days

21
Q

What are the causes of sprain?

A
  • Trauma causing overstretches of a ligament
  • Scar tissue formation in the tissue, predisposes the ligament to tearing, thus previous injury is also a cause
  • Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid Arthritis
22
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of acute sprain?

A
  • pain
  • local edema
  • inflammation
  • heat
  • bruising
  • Decrease Range of motion
23
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of subacute sprain?

A
  • Adhesions
  • bruising
  • pain
  • edema
  • inflammation
  • reduce range of motion
  • loss of proprioception at the joint
24
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of chronic sprain?

A
  • pain
  • matured adhesions
  • hypertonicity and trigger points
  • edema
  • loss of proprioception at the joint
  • restricted range of motion of joints
  • muscle weakness
25
Q

What are the aims of treatment for acute and sub acute sprain?

A
  • Decrease inflammation
  • Decrease spasm and pain
  • Maintain Range of motion
26
Q

What are the aims of treatment for chronic sprain?

A
  • Prevent fibrosis, because fibrosis leads to re-injury
  • Restore full range of motion (note surgery)
27
Q

What are the test used to identify sprain?

A
  • Passive Range of Motion for ligaments
  • Active Resisted ROM in chronic (isometric)
  • Active Free ROM (pain free)
28
Q

What are the treatment of acute sprain?

A
  • Drainage on the affected limb
  • Diaphragmatic breathing efflurage and slow petrissage mid- range passive relax range of motion
29
Q

What are the treatment of subacute sprain?

A
  • Diaphragmatic breathing
  • Hydrotherapy proximal
  • lymphatic drainage
  • efflurage
  • trigger points
30
Q

What are the treatment of chronic sprain?

A
  • Massage
  • contrast hydrotherapy
  • efflurage and repetetive petrissage
  • joint play technique
  • passive relax range of motion

Principles and Advance Techiques of Massage (15 decks)

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