Chapter 7: Strain Flashcards
Tissue that provides motion, maintains posture and generates heat. This is called:
Muscle tissue
Skeletal muscle: True or False
When it contracts it shortens, thereby drawing one end of itself closer to the other end and pulls the bone it is attached to, through the joints range of motion.
True
What are the four basic characteristics of muscle tissue?
Excitability
Contractility
Extensibility
Elasticity
Characteristic of muscle tissue where in muscle can shorten and thicken generating force to do work.
Contractility
Characteristic of muscle tissue wherein it responds to stimulus by producing electrical signals.
Excitability
Characteristic of muscle tissue where it can be stretched with out damaging the tissue.
Extensibility
Characteristic of muscle tissue where it is the ability to return to the original resting length
Elasticity
_____________ - has good blood supply and nerve supply which ensures the ability of prolonged muscle action and also good healing capabilities.
Skeletal muscle
Muscle tissue maintains new length after stretch is removed. This is called:
Plasticity
Connective tissue surrounds muscle tissue, providing protection and support. This connective tissue can extend beyond the fibers of the muscle belly, and also providing a strong attachment of a muscle to the bone’s periosteum.
Tendon
A condition of Overstretch or over contraction of the musculotendinous unit, leading to tearing or rupture.
Strain
What are the site that strain may occur?
- Belly of muscle
- Musculotendinous junction
- Body of tendon
- Tenoperiosteal junction
Degree of strain wherein there is a 0-20% fibres torn (minor stretch and tear).
Primary Degree
Percentage of fibres torn in second degree strain.
20-75%
Degree of strain wherein, there is a 75-100% tearing. Often requiring surgical correction.
Tertiary Degree
Duration of healing for tertiary degree of strain.
3-6 weeks, sometimes months to heal
Duration of healing for Secondary degree of strain.
2 to 3 weeks
Duration of healing for Primary degree of strain.
1 week
Give three causes of strain:
- Overuse
- Overstretch
- Overcontraction
What are the Three Level of severity of strain?
Mild
Moderate
Severe
Level of severity of strain with signs and symptoms of lower function and lower activity.
Moderate strain
Level of severity of strain with signs and symptoms of minor muscle weakness and muscle stiffness.
Mild strain
Level of severity of strain with signs and symptoms of loss of function, Extreme pain or no pain, if total rupture. And it needs immediate attention. Check distal for edema discolour/Red flag
Severe strain
What are the test for muscles to identify strain?
- Active ROM
- Passive Relax ROM
- Active resisted
What are the Short term Aims for the Treatment of strain?
- Decrease inflammation
- Decrease spasm and pain
What are the long term aims for the treatment of strain?
- Restore Range of Motion
- Re-education for proper stretching and posture
What is the positioning for patient with Strain?
- Position of neutral tension
- Part positioned for comfort and drainage
What are the contributing factors that causes the strain?
- Inadequate warm up before an activity.
- limited flexibility
- fatique
- repetitive overuse or overstressing of muscle
Acute strain can be treated with:
(RICE) Rest Ice Compression Elevation
Hydrotherapy is used in acute strain by:
Applying Cold compress or Ice pack. if swelling is present.
What are the treatment goals for acute strain?
- Reduce pain
- Decrease sympathetic nervous system firing
- Treat any compensating structures
- Reduce Edema
- Maintain local circulation proximal to the injury
- Reduce but do not remove protective muscle spasm
- Do not disturb the hematoma
- maintain ROM
What are the treatment goals for subacute strain?
- Treatment goals of Acute strain plus;
- Prevent adhesion formation
- Reduce spasm
- Reduce trigger points without disturbing the injury site
What are the treatment goals for chronic strain?
- Treatment goals of Acute and Subacute plus;
- Reduce chronic edema
- Reduce hypertonicity
- Treat the scar if the muscle was surgically repaired
What is the direction of application of hydrotherapy in Chronic muscle strain?
proximal to the strain and on the lesion site itself.
Hydrotherapy in chronic muscle strain includes the use of:
Deep moist heat ( hydrocollator or wax application )
Application of alternating hot and cold towels that is useful to flash out edema. What type of hydrotherapy?
Contrast Hydrotherapy
It is useful for the affected muscle in sub acute and chronic stages. Includes skin rolling, muscle stripping and gentle frictions to the client’s pain tolerance.
Self massage
Remedial Exercise is used in Acute strain that includes:
- active free mobility
- Isometrics
Remedial Exercise is used in subacute strain that includes:
- active free flexibility ( in the late stages)
Remedial Exercise is used in chronic strain that includes:
- passive forced
- active resisted
What are the Home care for muscle strain?
Remedial exercise (include proper stretching, warm up, strengthening). Hydrotherapy
