Chapter 9

Question 1

A belay line must be tended any time a rope supports a rescuer or victim.

Answer 1

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Question 2

The recommended belay tactic uses a lifeline attached to the rescuer and to a separate anchor point.

Answer 2

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Question 3

Where appropriate, the edge tender should be equipped with a harness and a rope system.

Answer 3

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Question 4

One guideline for determining the number of members required on a haul team is referred to as the 10/20 rule.

Answer 4

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Question 5

A responder and a victim being raised using a 4:1 MA system should have a haul team of five responders.

Answer 5

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Question 6

Edge tenders monitor edge protection and provide a point of communication.

Answer 6

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Question 7

The number of haulers on the hauling team should be suited to the expected load.

Answer 7

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Question 8

Low angle rescues may occur either above or below grade where the angle of the slope is shallow enough to allow safe movement without rope.

Answer 8

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Question 9

Hazards at a low angle rescue include navigation of any irregularities in terrain and the possible presence of wildlife.

Answer 9

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Question 10

Low angle rescues include rope systems to aid rescuers as they navigate uneven terrain.

Answer 10

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Question 11

High angle rescues occur in environments where lifeline support is essential for safety.

Answer 11

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Question 12

High angle rescues vary in complexity according to factors including the features of the location and condition of the victim.

Answer 12

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Question 13

Personnel who are exposed to a fall hazard during the rigging process should have fall protection in place.

Answer 13

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Question 14

Low angle rope systems may use a single belay line that is attached to the basket litter used for patient packaging.

Answer 14

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Question 15

Rigging team members who are establishing a system for a high angle rescue must keep in mind that each member of the entry team must be connected to both the main lifeline and the belay line.

Answer 15

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Question 16

It is acceptable for multiple rescuers and victims to be attached to the same main and belay lines as long as the established safety factor for the rope is not exceeded.

Answer 16

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Question 17

Systems that will be used during a rescue must have a safety check completed before responders enter a hazardous area.

Answer 17

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Question 18

Mechanical advantage systems are used to move heavy loads in the technical search and rescue arena.

Answer 18

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Question 19

A mechanical advantage system utilizes the principle of leverage to reduce the amount of force required to move a certain amount of weight.

Answer 19

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Question 20

To determine the force required to lift or move a specific weight, simply divide the known or estimated weight by the ratio of the mechanical advantage system

Answer 20

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Question 21

Pulleys that move within the mechanical advantage system are referred to as traveling pulleys.

Answer 21

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Question 22

Each traveling pulley in a system will contribute a minimum of a 2:1 mechanical advantage.

Answer 22

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Question 23

A stationary pulley does not contribute to the mechanical advantage, it simply changes the direction that the load travels in a rope system.

Answer 23

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Question 24

By increasing the mechanical advantage system’s ratio, the amount of force required to move a load decreases.

Answer 24

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Question 25

A simple mechanical advantage system has one or more pulleys pulling in line of the direction of the load, rope, and anchor point.

Answer 25

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Question 26

In the 2:1 system, the haul rope is attached to an anchor, and a pulley is attached to the load which reduces the amount of force required to move the load 50%.

Answer 26

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Question 27

As a load is increased, the mechanical advantage needed to safely and efficiently move the load also increases.

Answer 27

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Question 28

One of the most commonly used simple systems is the 3:1 system, which is frequently referred to as a Z rig because of its configuration.

Answer 28

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Question 29

Simple mechanical advantage system - a rigging system using one or more pulleys that move a load in line with the anchor point.

Answer 29

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Question 30

Another common simple system is a 4:1 block and tackle system which is created using two sets of double pulleys.

Answer 30

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Question 31

In a compound mechanical advantage system, all traveling pulleys move in the same direction, but at different rates of speed.

Answer 31

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Question 32

The joining of pulleys or systems to create a complex system has a summative effect on the calculation of mechanical advantage.

Answer 32

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Question 33

The joining of pulleys or simple systems to create a compound system has a multiplicative effect on the calculation of mechanical advantage.

Answer 33

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Question 34

Mechanical advantage is referenced in two ways: theoretical and actual.

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Question 35

Theoretical mechanical advantage refers to a system designed for a specific need, or to identify the features of a system that must be built.

Answer 35

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Question 36

Actual mechanical advantage is the amount of mechanical advantage that rescuers achieve in the field.

Answer 36

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Question 37

A block and tackle system is an excellent example of the difference between theoretical and actual mechanical advantage.

Answer 37

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Question 38

To estimate the theoretical mechanical advantage in a system, identify the attachment point for the haul rope used in the simple MA system.

Answer 38

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Question 39

Any time a responder moves in the vertical environment, he or she must be connected to a belay system that provides redundant protection in the event of a fall.

Answer 39

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Question 40

The mechanical advantage ratio is determined by the attachment point of the haul rope.

Answer 40

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Question 41

A clearly defined chain of command should be established and followed at a rescue operation.

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Question 42

An individual who did not create/assemble the system should perform a final safety check when the system is prepared and the rescue team is ready.

Answer 42

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Question 43

The belay system should be tended in order to minimize the possibility of free fall.

Answer 43

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Question 44

The tandem prusik belay provides reliable means of stopping the fall of a responder should the primary line fail.

Answer 44

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Question 45

Belay plates are intended to allow a rescuer’s rate of descent to be controlled and stopped if the rescuer falls or the main line fails.

Answer 45

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Question 46

Friction caused by the rope’s contact with the belay plate will slow and stop the person on the rope.

Answer 46

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Question 47

A rappel rack allows a responder to apply the additional friction bars necessary to handle a two person load.

Answer 47

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Question 48

Lowering systems use the weight of the load to pull rope through a descending device.

Answer 48

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Question 49

When a 4:1 MA system is used to move a load 100 feet the amount of rope required is 400 feet.

Answer 49

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Question 50

Although a mechanical advantage system can be attached directly to the load, it is more common to piggyback the haul system to the main line.

Answer 50

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Question 51

Rescuers can use change of direction pulleys to accommodate the space available at an incident.

Answer 51

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