Chapter 7

Question 1

One of the most challenging aspects of managing a technical search and rescue incident may be handling the victims of the incident.

Answer 1

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Question 2

Victims who are injured but not trapped account for about 50% of all victims, these individuals may either self rescue or be removed by bystanders before rescuers arrive.

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Question 3

If a victim is injured and trapped when found, the person’s condition and location should be reported immediately and appropriate resources assigned and requested as necessary.

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Question 4

Typically, remains of deceased victims should be left in place until the appropriate authorities authorize movement.

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Question 5

Victims in fear of injury or death may act irrationally or unpredictably and as a result may create a safety hazard through their behavior.

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Question 6

Rescuers should make verbal contact with victims at the earliest opportunity.

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Question 7

Rescuers who reassure victims are less likely to encounter victim interference with operations.

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Question 8

The simple triage and rapid treatment process allows responders to quickly identify life threating conditions and to prioritize the allocation of medical resources and personnel.

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Question 9

Many jurisdictions utilize triage tags and checklists to assist rescuers with performing and documenting triage activities.

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Question 10

Safe removal from a hazard area requires proper use of safety equipment, good form, and cooperation from a victim.

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Question 11

Triage tags use a color coding system to help rescuers establish which victims should take priority.

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Question 12

Information collected on triage tags include visual indicators of a victim’s injuries.

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Question 13

A significant loss of blood volume, known as hypovolemia, can occur as a result of impact and injury to the body.

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Question 14

Shock, as a result of hypovolemia, is a life threatening complication.

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Question 15

Muscle tissue is extremely vulnerable to pressure injuries.

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Question 16

Compartment syndrome can occur when a victim’s limb has experienced a traumatic injury.
- result of traumatic injury where the patient’s muscle tissue becomes swollen and tightly encased. 4-6 hours the crushed tissue begins to die and release toxins.

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Question 17

Crush syndrome occurs as a result of external pressure that crushes part of the body and restricts blood flow to the injured area for an extended period of time.
- potentially fatal condition that occurs as a result of crushing pressure on a part of the body for 4-6 hours.

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Question 18

Suspension syndrome occurs as a result of a victim remaining immobile for an extended period in an upright position.

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Question 19

Dehydration becomes a concern at many incidents and is made worse by the environment and the length of time the victim is trapped.

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Question 20

If a victim is likely to need immediate surgery to control or repair injuries, it is recommended to avoid orally administering fluids.

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Question 21

Victims with hypothermia are susceptible to cardiac arrhythmia, an abnormal rate of muscle contractions of the heart, and should be handled as gently as possible.

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Question 22

Edema - condition which fluid escapes into the body tissues and causes local generalized swelling.

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Question 23

Arrhythmia - any disturbance in the normal rhythm of the heart.

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Question 24

Without proper environmental protection, rapid immersion in cold water can kill a strong swimmer in 4-5 minutes.

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Question 25

The mammalian diving reflex is the body’s reaction to a sudden cold temperature change.

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Question 26

Several people who have been submerged in water as warm as 70*F have been revived after more than 60 minutes of submersion.

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Question 27

Impact or blockage of the chest and or upper airway is one of the leading causes of early death of trauma victims, therefore, rapid assessment of a victim’s respiration is critical.

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Question 28

Claustrophobia is a psychological condition that can affect both victims and rescuers, particularly in confined spaces.

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Question 29

Hyperventilation is an associated symptom that may produce a sensation of oxygen deprivation.

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Question 30

When flushing an area with water, identify where contaminated runoff will go.

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Question 31

Responders involved in extrication operations must perform a risk benefit analysis for each evolution that takes into account the safety of both the victim and the rescuer.

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Question 32

When practical, a victim’s condition and situation should be reevaluated after every significant maneuver, such as lifting a crushing object or changing the victim’s position.

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Question 33

Communication among responders is essential to the safe conduct of extrication operations and all responders should be encouraged to voice any concerns.

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Question 34

Rescuers should visualize the victim egress route before choosing an immobilization device to use.

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Question 35

The stokes basket has been the standard tool for victim removal over rough terrain or vertical movement for many years.

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Question 36

The KED immobilization device partially supports and immobilizes a victim, and is useful in an environment where access is limited or the route of egress is restricted.

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Question 37

SKED litters are designed for extrication in environments where portability is important.

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Question 38

Movement of packaged victims over broken ground debris can be accomplished using two parallel lines of rescuers who hand the litter along the line.

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Question 39

Triage tags should include space for rescuers to record exposure and decontamination.

Answer 39

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