Chapter 10

Question 1

Rescuers are reportedly 60% of all confined space victims in the U.S.

Answer 1

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Question 2

Unless only one entrant will fit into a confined space, the entry team should be composed of at least two responders.

Answer 2

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Question 3

Retrieval systems provide a measure of safety for responders entering the confined space.

Answer 3

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Question 4

Retrieval systems consist of a retrieval line attached to either a full body harness or to wristlets.

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Question 5

A supplied air breathing apparatus system will allow an entrant to remain in a confined space for longer period than a self contained breathing apparatus.

Answer 5

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Question 6

When entering a confined space, responders should have a tag line attached to their harness, which can also serve as a primitive means of communication.

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Question 7

If site plans or blue prints are available, they should be obtained and used during the evaluation and planning process.

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Question 8

Before workers are allowed to enter a permit required space, the employer must prepare an entry permit.

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Question 9

The AHJ may require that responders complete a confined space entry permit before entering the space.

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Question 10

The atmosphere should be sampled at the top, middle, and bottom of a space, or at 4 foot intervals.

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Question 11

Sampling the atmosphere helps determine the need for forced ventilation and the type of respiratory protection required for rescuer safety.

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Question 12

During recovery operations, it may be more prudent to wait until mechanical ventilation has restored a safe atmosphere before reentering.

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Question 13

Air monitoring tubing should not be placed directly into a potentially hazardous material and should remain above the floor of any space that is monitored.

Answer 13

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Question 14

Attractive nuisance - a location or feature that attracts curious children or adults and is likely to require technical rescue if appropriate caution is not exercised.

Answer 14

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Question 15

Agricultural storage silos and elevators present unique dangers, particularly because of the potential for engulfment.

Answer 15

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Question 16

Storm sewers are below grade confined spaces that direct runoff toward rivers and streams.

Answer 16

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Question 17

Coffer dams inside storage tanks provide a protected work space.

Answer 17

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Question 18

Cisterns are tanks that are designed to collect and store water and are often underground.

Answer 18

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Question 19

Coffer dams are watertight barriers installed or constructed to provide a relatively dry environment in which to work.

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Question 20

Absorption and adsorption are mechanisms of contamination that occur when the porous materials of which the enclosure is constructed either absorb contaminants form outside the vessel or adsorb materials formerly contained within it.

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Question 21

Desorption occurs when a container leaches a contaminant out of its containment and into the confined space where it is housed.

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Question 22

One of the most common forms of biological activity with which responders must be concerned is fermentation.

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Question 23

The biological activity in raw sewage produces hydrogen sulfide gas, in confined spaces such as pipelines and trunks, lethal concentration are quite likely.

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Question 24

Absorption - adherence of a substance in a liquid or gas to a solid, this is surface based.

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Question 25

Desorption - release of a substance from or through a surface.

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Question 26

Trunk pipeline - A main pipeline used for carrying large quantities of liquids, often with a diameter between 8 to 48 inches.

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Question 27

Inerting is the intentional introduction of an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen to a confined space.
- Introducing a nonflammable gas to a flammable atmosphere in order to remove the oxygen and prevent an explosion.

Answer 27

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Question 28

The insertion of a product into a tank can contaminate the tank in terms of its suitability for human occupancy.

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Question 29

Unless tanks and other vessels are properly cleaned after use, chemical reaction contamination can occur.

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Question 30

In a confined space, even slower form of the oxidation process, such as rusting, can reduce the level of oxygen within the space, as well as produce toxic by-products.

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Question 31

As oxygen in the space is consumed, active burning ceases and the fuel can only smolder but continues to produce heat and unburned gases.

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Question 32

If the fire continues to be contained within the vessel, it will eventually burn itself out and cool to ambient temperature leaving the space heavily contaminated with creosote and other products of combustion.

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Question 33

Mechanical ventilation should be used to adequately and continuously ventilate the interior of the confined spaces to enhance the safety level for rescuers.

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Question 34

When feasible, the openings chosen for ventilation should take into account current and expected wind conditions.

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Question 35

A commonly accepted industry guideline is to implement ventilation that will result in at least twenty air exchanges per hour.

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Question 36

Placing a fan or blower outside the entry opening and blowing fresh air into the space creates positive pressure ventilation.

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Question 37

If only one opening is available to a confined space, ducting can be used to channel the fresh air through the opening and into the space, allowing the remainder of the opening to serve as the exhaust.

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Question 38

Negative ventilation involves placing an intrinsically safe fan in an opening to exhaust the contaminated air from the space.

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Question 39

Ventilation considerations may include addressing the effects of temperature extremes inside of confined spaces during rescue operations.

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Question 40

Litter baskets designed for the movement of non mobile victims are widely used at technical rescue incidents.

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Question 41

All confined space rescues operations should follow a logical progression from initial assessment through incident termination.

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