Chapter 8 Flashcards
It may be necessary to lower rescuers into a rescue environment and to hoist a victim out using life safety rope, webbing, and hardware.
8
In technical rescue applications, software refers to the connective materials that are used in conjunction with other equipment.
8
Rope and webbing are among the most frequently used such equipment at technical search and rescue events.
8
Software - In rope rescue, refers to nylon webbing, rope, and harnesses.
8
The three general classifications or rope that may be present at an incident scene are lifeline, accessory cord, and utility rope.
8
Whenever responders or victims are suspended from a rope or are using a rope for fall protection, life safety rope must be used.
8
Lifeline may be purchased in 100 to 600 foot lengths, depending upon local needs, much of the hardware today is designed to work with 1/2 inch rope.
8
Only rope of block creel construction using continuous-filament virgin fiber for load-bearing elements is suitable for life safety applications.
8
The core provides about 75 percent of the rope’s strength and carries the majority of the working load.
8
The sheath made up of tightly woven nylon or other synthetic fiber, provides the remainder of the rope’s strength protects the core from abrasion, dirt and effects of sunlight, which can weaken nylon with prolonged exposure.
8
NFPA 1983 requires that lifeline used for two person, or rescue load, must be capable of supporting a load in excess of 40 kilo newtons or roughly 9,000 pounds.
8
This number is a function of the maximum safe working load, which is characterized as 600 pounds for general use lifeline, and the required 15:1 safety factor.
8
Lifeline must be removed form service if it does not pass inspection or if there is any reason to doubt its safety of serviceability.
8
Block creel construction - construction method that produces a continuous strand of fiber that runs the entire length of the rope’s core.
8
Kernmantle rope - rope that consists of a protective shield over the load bearing core strands.
8
Working load - the manufacturers recommended maximum load for a rope or other system component. The working load for components of a rope system supporting victims or responders is determined by dividing the minimum breaking strength by a safety factor of 15. For a lifeline with a breaking strength of around 9,000 pounds, the working load is 600 pounds.
8
Impact load - A dynamic and sudden load placed on a rope.
8
According to NFPA 1983, all lifeline must elongate between a minimum of 1 percent to a maximum of 10 percent when loaded at 10 percent of its rated breaking strengths.
8
Elongation helps to reduce the shock of impact on both rescuers and their anchor systems in falls.
8
Kernmantle rope consists of an outer sheath surrounding an inner core of individual strands.
8
Dyeing rope ends helps rescuers immediately identify rope lengths.
8
Accessory cord is rope that is smaller in diameter than lifeline.
8
Typical uses for accessory chord include lashing for litters and raising equipment.
8
Utility rope is used for many functions including hoisting equipment and securing objects in place, not for supporting rescuers or victims.
8
Utility rope may be downgraded lifeline.
8
Any lifeline that fails to pass inspection or has been impact loaded can be altered such a manner that it cannot be mistakenly used as lifeline.
8
When a piece of life safety rope is purchased, a rope log must be started and kept with the rope throughout its working life.
8
Life safety rope should be checked both visually and tactilely before and after each use.
8
Rope log - A record of a rope’s working life maintained in accordance with department policy.
8
The rescuer performing the tactile check puts a slight tension on the rope with one hand while feeling for any lumps, depressions, or soft spots with the other hand.
8
Utility rope may be used for many functions except where a person’s life directly is affected.
8
The core of a kernmantle rope can be damaged without evidence of such damage being visible on the outer sheath.
8
The three ways to clean synthetic rope are manual washing, a rope washing device, or a clothes washing machine.
8
Performing tactile checks of rope allows personnel to identify inconsistencies.
8
Cool water and mild liquid soap are not likely to damage rope, bleach or strong cleaners are not typically recommended for use with life safety rope.
8
Front loading clothes washing machines without plastic window are the best type to use for washing synthetic rope.
8
The rope may be secured in a mesh bag or wrapped into a bird’s nest coil before washing.
8
Webbing is used extensively in the rescue field to construct anchor systems, to package and secure victims, and to lash rescue components together.
8
Webbing is produced in various widths from 1 to 2 inches and is marketed in rolls of up to 1,000 feet in length.
8
The 1 inch width is most commonly used for lashing and has a 4,000 pound breaking strength.
8
Tubular webbing may be constructed in two ways: edge stitched and spiral weave.
8
Spiral weave webbing is the type most preferred in rescue work.
8
A ropes strength is reduced whenever it is bent.
8
The tighter the bend, the more strength that is lost.
8
The overhand safety is often used in conjunction with other knots to reduce the possibility by using the end of the rope to tie a simple overhand knot around another part of the rope.
8
Bight - simple, open, u-shaped fold in a rope.
8
Running part- free end of the rope used for hoisting, pulling, or belaying.
8
Standing part - Middle of the rope, between the working end and the running end.
8
Working end - end of the rope used to tie a knot, also known as bitter end or loose end.
8
A figure eight knot is also known as a figure eight stopper when used in technical rescue.
8
Double fisherman’s knot - makes an extremely secure connection between two pieces of rope, or it can be used to join the ends of the same rope to form a loop.
8
The double overhand is the knot most often used to create prusik loops in accessory cord.
8
Water knot - the preferred knot for joining two pieces of webbing or the ends of the same piece of webbing if a loop is needed.
8
Figure eight knot - knot used to form a loop in the end of a rope, should be used in place of a bowline knot when working with synthetic fiber rope.
8
The figure eight stopper is a safety knot used at the end of a rope to prevent the rope from slipping through the system.
8
Safety knot - Extra hitch or overhand knot tied in the loose end of a knot to prevent the working end from being pulled through the knot.
8
Clove hitch - attaches a rope or piece of webbing to an object.
- knot that consists of two half hitches, its principal use is to attach a rope to an object such as a pole, post, or hose.
8
