Chapter 9 Flashcards
What was the first Indian empire
Mauyran
Who founded the first Indian empire
Chandragupta maurya
What convinced Ashoka to convert to Buddhism
The bloody war against the Kalinga
What is ahimsa
Non violence
Important jainist ethic
Why did Buddhism Jainism and Hinduism emerge
To meet the changing needs of the time
What was Siddhartha Gautama concerned with
Suffering
Who was Siddhartha Gautama
The fist Buddha
Started Buddhism
Why did Jainism and Buddhism appeal to lower class
They didnt recognize social distinctions based on jati
What did Ashoka do to support Buddhism
Banned animal sacrifice and hunting Vegetarian Built monasteries and stupas Made pilgrimages Sent Buddhist missionaries to foreign lands
What happened to chandragupta
He left the throne to become a monk where he starves
Who ruled during mauryan empires high point
Ashoka maurya
Who was Ashoka maurya
Chandraguptas grandson
What war campaign did Ashoka maurya start
To take Kalinga
How was the Kalinga war or campaign
Bloody
What was the mauryan capital
Pataliputra
How did mauryan emperors rule
Through organized bureaucracy
Who oversaw Mauryan taxes
Treasury
What ended the mauryan empire
Financial and economic difficulties
What brought India to order after the mauryan
Local rulers formed kingdoms
Who were the Greek Bactria
Alexander the Great Heirs
Capital of the Greek Bactria rule
Taxila
Who were the Kushan
Nomadic people who conquered Bactria
Who made it safe for travelers to use the silk roads
Kushan empire
Who stares the Gupta dynasty
Chandra Gupta
Which Gupta ruler had an iron puller commemorating him
Chandra Gupta the second
Who took the Gupta dynasty over
White huns
What did towns produce
Manufactured products
Businesses on a large scale
Trade
Trade by land
Silk Road
Hindu Kush mountains
Trade by sea
Indian ocean
Most popular Indian trade item
Indian pepper
What did wives do
Ran household
Brahmins
Priests
Kshatriyas
Warriors and aristocrats
Vaishyas
Peasants and merchants
Ancient Indian religious sacrifices were held by
Brahmins
Greatest social contribution of the Jains
Didnt recognize caste system
Buddha believed salvation came from
Leading a balanced moderate life
Boddhisatva
An enlightened being, an individual who had reached spiritual perfection yet stayed to help others who struggled
When ( under who’s rule) did Kushan empire peak
Kashika
Who governed the mauryan empire
Kautalya
What type of trees did Ashoka plant
Bayan trees
Who ruled India after the mauryans
The Greek Bactria
Artha
Pursuit of economic well- being and honest prosperity
Dharma ( Hindu)
Obedience to religious and moral law
Who was the most popular Kushan empire
Kanishaka
Buddhist holy site
Bodh Gaya
What led to moksha
Balance of artha, kama, and dharma
Duty of classes
Susras= to serve Vaishyas= to work Brahmins= to learn Kshatriyas= to govern and fight
What did Buddhist give up
Personal property, social standing and detachment from family and the world
Who supported Buddhism
Mauryan dynasty, Ashoka
What did the noble eightfold path lead people to
Salvation
What came to power after Alexander’s collapse
Kingdom of Magadha
What helped expand trade
Monsoon winds
Where was Nalanda
Ganges river valley near Pataliputra
Hinayana
Lesser vehicle
What was different about Mahayana Buddhism
Buddha was worshiped as a god
Had boddhisatvas
Accepted gifts to gain salvation
What is a stupa
Shrines housing relics of the Buddha and his first disciples
Pilgrims venerated while meditating on Buddhist values
Dharma (def)
The basic doctrine shares by Buddhist of all sects
Steps to eightfold path
Lead a balanced moderate life
Reject devotion to luxury and asceticism
Right belief resolve speech behavior occupation efforts contemplation and meditation
What caused the maurya empire to collapse
Financial difficulties caused by maintaining the army and bureaucracy
What was the Kushan empires origins
Was originated from nadic conquerors from central asia
Who did the Gupta empire fight with
The white huns
What was the goal of early Buddhism
Nirvana
What is nirvana
The breaking of the cycle of rebirth
Why did Buddhism lose popularity
It grew increasingly remote from the pop at large
How long was the Kushan rule
1-300ce
How did Chandra Gupta start the empire
Forged alliances with powerful families
Gupta capital
Pataliputra
Who conquered many kingdoms for the Gupta dynasty
Samudra and Chandra 2
Who governed and administrated the Gupta dynasty
Their allies
Who were charvakas
Atheist
What promotes movement based on Upanishads
Jainism
What philosophy did they believe in moderate consumption
Buddhism
Boddhisatvas
Saints
Monasteries of Buddhism
Stupta
During the time of the aryans what political landscape was their
Small kingdoms
In 500bce the Indian political seance was changed by
Darius of Persia
In 326bce India was placed in chaos by
Alexander the Great
Mauryan emperor Ashoka fought the bloodiest battle against
Kalinga
What language did the bactodonians speak
Greek
Gupta was created by
Chandra Gupta
Collapse of Gupta state caused by what invaders
White Huns
Most pronounced ex of patriarchal dominance in India was
Child marriage
What are the dharma
The Buddhist doctrines
Four noble truths and noble eightfold path
Shudras
Semi free serfs who worked on fields to make land fertile
Two religions that eclipses Buddhism
Hinduism and islam
What empire supports Hinduism
Gupta
Why did Buddhism decline
It grew remote with the popular masses
Moksha
Salvation of the soul
Kama
Enjoyment of social physical and sexual pleasures
Four aims of human life ( Hindu)
Dharma artha Kama and moksha
Who was the model for all wives
Sita
What was Ramayana originally
A love and adventure story
Doctrine of Buddhism
Four noble truths
Social order
Brahmins Kshatriyas vaishyas and shudra
Epics of Hindu values
Mahabharata and Ramayana
What was Nalanda
Buddhist monastery
What Buddhism did the school on Ceylon recognize
Theravada Buddhism
Mahayana
Greater vehicle
What is a guild
A corporate body that supervised prices and wages given industry and provided welfare for members
Why were guilds formed
New groups didnt fit into the social structure
What did the people of the same guild do
Lived near each other
Socialized with each other
Intermarried
Cared for everyone on the guild
Indian guilds
Jati
Who taught Jainism
Vardhamana mahavira
What is vardhamana known as
Jina ( the conqueror)
Followers of Jainism were called
Jains
Jainist ethics
Vegetarian
Ahimsa
Very demanding
Ahimsa
Nonviolence to other living things or their souls
Who stares Buddhism
Siddhartha Gautama
Siddhartha Gautama known as
Buddha ( the enlightened one)
What was the song of The Lord
Bhagavad Gita
What did the four noble truths teach
Desire is the cause of suffering, elimination of desire brings the end to suffering and disciplined life conducted with the noble eightfold path eliminate desire
