Chapter 7 Flashcards
Did Zoroastrianism have other gods
Yes six lesser deities
What promoted trade
Linking of lands, standardized coins, banks, and political stability
Who burned temples and killed magi
Alexander
How did Islamic conquerers ( new rulers of sasnid) place pressure on Zoroastrianism
They placed political and financial pressures on magi and temples
What faiths were influenced by Zoroastrianism
Buddhism, Christianity, Manichaeism, and Judaism
Who invaded Persia in 334 BCE
Alexander of Macedon
Who declared war on Cyrus
Croesus
Order of dynasties
Achaemenid, Seleucid, Parthians, and sasanid
Who stares the first empire
Cyrus, started the Achaemenid empire
What did imperial bureaucrats do
Ran day to day affairs and served as translators
Who were the free class
Artisans, craftsmen, merchants, low- ranking civil servants, priests, and priestesses
Who did Persians trade with
India, Iran, Asia, Mesopotamia, Anatolia, Phoenicia, Arabia, Egypt, Nubia, and Greece
What does Ahura Mazda mean
Wise lord
What are the Gathas
Zarathurstra’s works to honor the deities
Who were Darius and other emperors associated with
Ahura Mazda
What Sasnid ruler created buffer states between Persians and Romans
Shapur the First
Who expanded the empire to Egypt to India
Cyrus
Who was the first conqueror of the Achaemenid dynasty
Cyrus
Who rules over the largest empire
Darius
Who was Seleucis
Former commander for Alexander of Macedon and he founded the dynasty that created the second empire
What causes the fall of Parthian
Rebellion
Who were the Medes and Persians
Indo-Europeans from Central Asia to Persia
Who was Cyrus
Called the shepherd
First Persian empire
Conquered Babylon
Ruled from Pasardagae
Who conquered Egypt
Cambyses
How did Achaemenid rulers govern their empire
Lines of communication and central administration
How long of a trip was The Royal Road by caravan
90 days
What are the Persian Wars
(500-479 BCE) Greek rebellions fighting for their independence
How did Alexander conquer the Achaemenid
His army was well disciplined, well armed, and had useful tactics
Why did the Seleucid empire loose control
As foreigners they were opposed by native people
The Parthian empire was toppled by
A revolt from within the empire
Who undermined the position of the old warrior elite
Bureaucrats
What are quants
Underground canals
Why did they build qanats
Water was scarce and the underground canal kept it from evaporating
Who were the Medes and Persians cousins with
Aryans
How did the Medes and Persians live
In clans
Who was Cambyses
Son of Cyrus
Who created/rules the largest empire
Darius
What capital did Darius build
Persepolis
What was the title of the king
The Great King, King of Kings, King in Persia, King of Countries
What were satrapies
Administrative and taxation district governed by satraps
Who were the “ eyes and ears of the king”
Spies
Who issued standardized coins
Darius
What was a major road in Persian society
Persian Royal Road
What is Alexander of Macedon known as
Alexander the Great
How was Alexander’s empire split
In three large realms which were given to his chief generals
Who was Seleucus
A commander who retained Achaemenid system
Who conquered the Seleucus
The Romans
Who were the Medes and Persians ( character traits)
Archers
Who had no central government and nomadic customs located in Iran-Mesopotamia
The Parthian empire
What did Parthians feed their horses
Alfalfa which made them grow
Where was the capital of the Parthian empire
Ctesiphon
Slaves
In debt Couldn't marry Prisoners of war Rebellious people Provided labor
Economic foundation of classical Persian society
Agriculture
Who was Zarathustra
A prophet ( started Zoroastrianism)
I’m the mid 7th century Zoroastrians converted to
Islam
Zoroastrianism main god
Ahura Mazda
Good god
Ahura Mazda
Evil god
Angra Mainyu
How did Zoroastrians see the material world
As a blessing
