Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Where do pelagic organisms live? Water column or seafloor?

A

Water Column

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2
Q

Epipelagic depth range?

A

0-200 m

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3
Q

Mesopelagic Depth range?

A

200-1000 m

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4
Q

Bathypelagic depth range?

A

1000-2000m

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5
Q

Abyssopelagic depth range?

A

2000-6000 m

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6
Q

Hadopelagic depth range

A

Greater than 6000 m

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7
Q

Where do benthic organisms live? Water column or seafloor?

A

Seafloor

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8
Q

Intertidal depth and zone?

A

Between low and high tide

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9
Q

Sublittoral depth and zone?

A

pretty much the continental shelf, depth reaches 200 m

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10
Q

What is an adaptation?

A

trait or characteristic that increases the chance of survival

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11
Q

Adaptive Coloration?

A
  • Blending into background
  • Camouflage
  • Color patterns and textures that help hide an organism
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12
Q

Adaptive countershading?

A

Animal is light colored on one side and dark colored on the other

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13
Q

Adaptive bioluminescence?

A
  • Chemical reaction in the organism releases light
  • No heat released
  • Similar to fireflies
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14
Q

Vertical migration adaptation?

A
  • Organisms hide in the dark, depths during the day

* Move to surface to feed at night when it is harder to see them

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15
Q

Adaptive eye size?

A

Larger eyes to detect light in deeper, darker waters

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16
Q

Symbiotic relationship adaptation?

A

•Mutually beneficial

Example: An anemone provides protection from predators to a clownfish. The clownfish cleans the anemone by eating and brushing off bacteria.

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17
Q

Adaptive appendages

A

More appendages help organisms “float” in less dense (warmer) water

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18
Q

How do baleen plates aid in obtaining food? Which organisms have baleen plates?

A

Trap food in.

Whales

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19
Q

What adaptations do brown algae have that allow it to grow to heights of tens of meters?

A
  • Grows in intertidal zone or in giant forests on the continental shelf
  • Have gas-filled floats to keep their leaves floating
  • Grow 30-40 m tall
20
Q

What is a tide pool? What conditions do organisms in a tide pool need to adapt to?

A

Pool of water left over when the tide goes out.

-Wet and dry conditions-high variations in temperature and salinity-Protection from predators on land as well as from the ocean

21
Q

-Where are sea grass beds found?

A

Always covered in water.

22
Q

What activities threaten sea grass?

A

–Water pollution
–Sediment run-off from land
–Dredging

23
Q

What is a salt marsh?

A
  • Never completely covered by water
  • Salt tolerant plants
  • High productivity
24
Q

What trophic level does kelp occupy?

A

producer

25
Q

What is the primary productivity in a kelp forest like?

A

high

26
Q

-What conditions are necessary for coral to live? (temperature, clarity, depth)

A

–Water temperature from 23°to 25°C

–Clear water

27
Q

-What is a polyp?

A

Individual coral animals

28
Q

What are zooxanthellae? What is their relationship with coral?

A
  • Zooxanthellae are algae that live in coral polyps
  • Zooxanthellae are protected by the polyp
  • The coral receives energy from the zooxanthellae
29
Q

-What are some possible threats to coral?

A

fishing, sewage, water temp

30
Q

How does a fringe reef form?

A
  • Start as a fringing reef

* Grow in patches around and on sides of volcano

31
Q

How does a barrier reef form?

A

A barrier reef is a circular reef surrounding a partially eroded volcano

32
Q

How does an atoll reef form?

A
  • The final step: an Atoll forms
  • An atoll is a circular reef surrounding a shallow lagoon
  • The volcano has eroded below sea level
33
Q

What is an infauna?

A

live in the sediment

34
Q

Epifauna?

A

Live on the sediment

35
Q

cartilaginous fish

A

Sharks, rays

36
Q

Sharks are filter feeders sometimes?

A

true,

37
Q

What is schooling?

A

Confuses predators

–Use less energy to swim long distances

38
Q

Marine Mammal Characteristics

A
  • Warm blooded
  • Breathe air
  • Bear live young
  • Nurse their young
  • Have hair or fur sometime in their life
39
Q

What are some of the adaptations that allow mammals to live in the ocean?

A

streamlined shape for efficient movement through viscous medium, with no protruding ears, and little or no hair to slow them down.

insulating blubber, a thick layer of fat and oil, which keeps their bodies warm and buoyant.

40
Q

Name and describe some marine mammals?

A

Whale, dolphin, seals

41
Q

Difference between baleen whale and tooth whale?

A

Teeth instead of baleen

42
Q

What are pinnipeds? Do they have fur? What are their flippers like?

A
  • Swimming flippers
  • Come ashore to breed, and rear young
  • Seals, Sea Lions, Sea otters
43
Q

Adaptation of penguin?

A
  • Do not fly
  • Swim
  • Dive 250 m deep
44
Q

What conditions would an organism need to be adapted to in order to survive life in a tide pool?

A

-Wet and dry conditions-high variations in temperature and salinity-Protection from predators on land as well as from the ocean

45
Q

Which organism lives in warm (less dense) water?

A

it needs more appendages in warmer water because it is harder to float in the less dense water).

46
Q

What conditions would an organism need to be adapted to in order to survive life in a tide pool?

A

-Wet and dry conditions-high variations in temperature and salinity-Protection from predators on land as well as from the ocean