chapter 3 Flashcards
What is a water molecule made of?
2 Hydrogen atoms bonded to 1 Oxygen atom
What is the angle between the atoms of a water molecule?
The 105°angle between the Hydrogen atoms make the water molecule polar (the atoms are not in a straight line)
What is the net charge of the different atoms?
Polarity-there is a net negative charge on the oxygen side and a net positive charge on the hydrogen side
Describe how the polarity of water affects the ocean.
Because water is polar, it has a net positive charge on one side and a net negative charge on the other side. This allows water molecules to bond via hydrogen bonding to other water molecules. It also allows other substances like sodium to dissolve easily in water.
What is a hydrogen bond? The __________ side of one water molecule is attracted to the Oxygen side of another.
The oxygen side of one molecule bonds to the hydrogen side of another molecule (through a hydrogen bond)Result: One water molecule bonds to another water molecule.
What type of bond holds two water molecules together?
hydrogen bond
What happens to the hydrogen bonds of the liquid water when water vapor forms?
bonds are broken
What is specific heat? What is the specific heat of water?
The amount of heat that will raise 1 gram of a substance by 1°C•The higher the specific heat, the more energy needed for the temperature to change
Water is 1 calorie per gram per celsius
How does the specific heat of water compare to other substances. Pay close attention to specific heat of granite, brick, wood and other common, earthy materials.
It’s higher
You put a pan of water on the stove to boil. Why is it the a pan feels hot much earlier than the water in the pan?
Pan is colder
Compare the temperature range between the two cities. Why is the range so much greater inland that it is near the coast? What can you say about the temperature range of city on the coast versus a city inland?
Because ocean water absorbs heat without changing temperature, the city on the coast does not get as hot in the summer. In the winter, the city near the coast uses the heat absorbed by the ocean water in the summer to keep warm, thus it does not get as cold.The city inland is much hotter in the summer and much colder in the winter.
Why is Edmonton colder in the winter and warmer in the summer?
Edmonton is inland. It does not have the ocean to keep it warm in the winter and cool in the summer. Juneau is on the coast. The ocean absorbs a lot of energy during the summer, then releases that energy in the winter, keeping Juneau warm. It absorbs all the energy in the summer, which keeps Juneau cool.
How does salinity affect density?
When salt is dissolved in fresh water, the density of the water increases because the mass of the water increases.
How does temperature affect density?
When the same amount of water is heated or cooled, its density changes. When the water is heated, it expands, increasing in volume.
To increase salinity, would you melt or form sea ice?
form sea ice
