Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Kisspeptin

A

Triggers the activation of GnRH.

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2
Q

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)

A

Substance released in the brain that triggers a hormonal cascade related to activity of the reproductive system.

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3
Q

Progesterone

A

A hormone involved in the reproductive cycle, especially in females

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4
Q

Pubarche

A

The appearance of pubic hair in both sexes

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5
Q

Thelarche

A

The budding of breasts in girls

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6
Q

Menarche

A

A girl’s first menstruation

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7
Q

Spermarche

A

A boy’s first ejaculation.

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8
Q

Leptin

A

Hormone found in the fat tissue that plays a role in appetite and eating behaviors

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9
Q

Sexual dimorphism

A

Both internal and external physical differences between the sexes, which increase the adolescent growth spurt.

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10
Q

Diminished capacity

A

A guilty actor is considered less than fully blameworthy because of some deficiency at the time of the offense. Perhaps they were mentally ill, stress, or
impaired.

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11
Q

Compelling circumstances

A

Conditions that mitigate the guilt of a criminal defendant because he or she faced such pressure when the crime was committed.

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12
Q

Uncharacteristic behavior

A

A condition that mitigates a criminal defendant’s guilt because the crime is not typical of them.

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13
Q

Experience sampling method

A

A research technique in which participants are interrupted at random times during the day and asked to report on what they are doing, thinking, and feeling.

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14
Q

Delayed phase preference

A

A shift in sleep patterns characterized by staying up later in the evening and sleeping later in the morning than children. Associated with hormonal changes at puberty.

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15
Q

Double standard

A

Giving medication intended to relieve pain even though there is a chance death can result.

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16
Q

Rumination

A

Repeated focusing of attention on negative mood and cognitions. Ineffective emotion regulation strategy. Related to avoidance of emotional experience.

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17
Q

Adrenarche

A

The point just before puberty when the adrenal glands increases its activities and children begin to show sexual attraction.

18
Q

Seduction hypothesis

A

Freud’s early view that some psychopathology stems from infantile sexual molestation.

19
Q

Formal operational stage

A

When children are able to engage in thinking that

  1. Rises above particular contents and focuses on relations that governs those contents
  2. Involves coordinating multiple relationships
  3. Can be difficult even for adults.
20
Q

Ideals

A

Imagined, logically organized, perfect systems that do not match reality.

21
Q

Ego identity

A

Includes all dimensions of self-knowledge and serves as the foundation for the behavioral, affective, and cognitive commitments.

22
Q

Diffusion

A

Describes young adolescents on the identity development process. They are not actively involved in exploring possible life choices, or making any life
commitments.

23
Q

Moratorium

A

Individuals who are actively involved in exploring possible life choices, but not having made any firm commitments to them.

24
Q

Foreclosure

A

Describes individuals who make commitments with little or no exploration of alternatives. They don’t reflect.

25
Q

Achievement

A

Persons in this category have constructed their identity by their own efforts to shape and transform their earlier selves.

26
Q

Constructed identity

A

The identity not based upon a predetermined set of expectations

27
Q

Conferred identity

A

The identity attained by those who are foreclosed(individuals who make commitments with little or no exploration or alternatives).

28
Q

Ego identity interview

A

Assesses the core domains of identity.

29
Q

Closed commitment (Marcia’s foreclosure)

A

Signifies an identity with a high level of present commitment and low levels of coexisting exploration.

30
Q

Achieving commitment (Marcia’s achievement)

A

Emphasizes the dynamic linkage between high levels of commitment and high levels of exploration.

31
Q

Closed identity domains

A

Areas of identity in which individuals tend toward foreclosure(a set identity) because they have little control over them.

32
Q

Open identity domains

A

Areas in which individuals assert much control and can be successful in achieving commitment.

33
Q

List the racial/ethnic socialization practices (3).

A
  1. Teaching about culture
  2. Preparing children for possible experience of discrimination
  3. Providing them with opportunities for mainstream cultural experiences
34
Q

What are Marcia’s 4 identity status categories characterizing individuals whose development has been marked by exploration and then commitment to certain individuals?

A
  1. Achievement
  2. Foreclosure
  3. Diffusion
  4. Moratorium
35
Q

In Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, there’s a formal operational stage. At what age does this begin?

A

At about 11 or 12 years.

36
Q

What are the 2 hormones that stimulates the gonads?

A
  1. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

2. Luteinizing hormone (LH)

37
Q

Which parts of the brain, in adolescence, goes through the most pruning? (4)

A
  1. Frontal lobes
  2. Parietal lobes
  3. Temporal lobes
  4. Corpus callosum
37
Q

Which 3 brain processes are said to contribute to increased voluntary control of attention, more effective integration of information, and maturing or other expect functions?

A
  1. Synaptogenesis
  2. Pruning
  3. Myelination
38
Q

The two parts of resolution-identity achievement.

A
  1. Reconciling the differences that exist between the ethnic minority group an the dominant group
  2. Coming to terms with the lower status of one’s group within a larger society
39
Q

Supple’s stages of identity development

A
  1. Exploration
  2. Resolution
  3. Affirmation