Chapter 9 Flashcards
Kisspeptin
Triggers the activation of GnRH.
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
Substance released in the brain that triggers a hormonal cascade related to activity of the reproductive system.
Progesterone
A hormone involved in the reproductive cycle, especially in females
Pubarche
The appearance of pubic hair in both sexes
Thelarche
The budding of breasts in girls
Menarche
A girl’s first menstruation
Spermarche
A boy’s first ejaculation.
Leptin
Hormone found in the fat tissue that plays a role in appetite and eating behaviors
Sexual dimorphism
Both internal and external physical differences between the sexes, which increase the adolescent growth spurt.
Diminished capacity
A guilty actor is considered less than fully blameworthy because of some deficiency at the time of the offense. Perhaps they were mentally ill, stress, or
impaired.
Compelling circumstances
Conditions that mitigate the guilt of a criminal defendant because he or she faced such pressure when the crime was committed.
Uncharacteristic behavior
A condition that mitigates a criminal defendant’s guilt because the crime is not typical of them.
Experience sampling method
A research technique in which participants are interrupted at random times during the day and asked to report on what they are doing, thinking, and feeling.
Delayed phase preference
A shift in sleep patterns characterized by staying up later in the evening and sleeping later in the morning than children. Associated with hormonal changes at puberty.
Double standard
Giving medication intended to relieve pain even though there is a chance death can result.
Rumination
Repeated focusing of attention on negative mood and cognitions. Ineffective emotion regulation strategy. Related to avoidance of emotional experience.
Adrenarche
The point just before puberty when the adrenal glands increases its activities and children begin to show sexual attraction.
Seduction hypothesis
Freud’s early view that some psychopathology stems from infantile sexual molestation.
Formal operational stage
When children are able to engage in thinking that
- Rises above particular contents and focuses on relations that governs those contents
- Involves coordinating multiple relationships
- Can be difficult even for adults.
Ideals
Imagined, logically organized, perfect systems that do not match reality.
Ego identity
Includes all dimensions of self-knowledge and serves as the foundation for the behavioral, affective, and cognitive commitments.
Diffusion
Describes young adolescents on the identity development process. They are not actively involved in exploring possible life choices, or making any life
commitments.
Moratorium
Individuals who are actively involved in exploring possible life choices, but not having made any firm commitments to them.
Foreclosure
Describes individuals who make commitments with little or no exploration of alternatives. They don’t reflect.
Achievement
Persons in this category have constructed their identity by their own efforts to shape and transform their earlier selves.
Constructed identity
The identity not based upon a predetermined set of expectations
Conferred identity
The identity attained by those who are foreclosed(individuals who make commitments with little or no exploration or alternatives).
Ego identity interview
Assesses the core domains of identity.
Closed commitment (Marcia’s foreclosure)
Signifies an identity with a high level of present commitment and low levels of coexisting exploration.
Achieving commitment (Marcia’s achievement)
Emphasizes the dynamic linkage between high levels of commitment and high levels of exploration.
Closed identity domains
Areas of identity in which individuals tend toward foreclosure(a set identity) because they have little control over them.
Open identity domains
Areas in which individuals assert much control and can be successful in achieving commitment.
List the racial/ethnic socialization practices (3).
- Teaching about culture
- Preparing children for possible experience of discrimination
- Providing them with opportunities for mainstream cultural experiences
What are Marcia’s 4 identity status categories characterizing individuals whose development has been marked by exploration and then commitment to certain individuals?
- Achievement
- Foreclosure
- Diffusion
- Moratorium
In Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, there’s a formal operational stage. At what age does this begin?
At about 11 or 12 years.
What are the 2 hormones that stimulates the gonads?
- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
2. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Which parts of the brain, in adolescence, goes through the most pruning? (4)
- Frontal lobes
- Parietal lobes
- Temporal lobes
- Corpus callosum
Which 3 brain processes are said to contribute to increased voluntary control of attention, more effective integration of information, and maturing or other expect functions?
- Synaptogenesis
- Pruning
- Myelination
The two parts of resolution-identity achievement.
- Reconciling the differences that exist between the ethnic minority group an the dominant group
- Coming to terms with the lower status of one’s group within a larger society
Supple’s stages of identity development
- Exploration
- Resolution
- Affirmation
