Chapter 4 Flashcards
Phineas gage matrix
Syndrome related to injury of the frontal cortex. Consists of cognitive dysfunction and emotions problems
Emotional intelligence
The ability to perceive emotions, identify and understand their meaning, integrate them with other kinds of cognition, and to manage them.
Basic emotions
The core affects that have old neurobiological underpinnings. They include joy/happiness, interest, sadness, anger, disgust, and fear.
Differential emotions theory (DET)
Facial expressions in infants are the direct manifestation of underlying neural processes related to the emotion expressed
Emotion schemas
Mental experience that includes feelings, memories, thoughts, images, and noncognitive elements like, hormonal shifts that interact with and may amplify a basic emotional experience
Self-conscious emotions
Emotions that require self-awareness, and are directly relevant to the self. These emotions require more cognitive capacity than basic emotions and they don’t emerge until the the second year of your life.
Synchrony
Infant-adult interactions are often characterized by this repetitive-rhythmic organization. Nonverbal behaviors occur in a patterned, temporally coordinated sequence.
Still-faced paradigm
A research technique for assessing infant coping strategies. The infant is seated facing the mother who is instructed to interact in normally pleasant behaviors at first and then is asked to be completely unresponsive or withdrawn
Other-directed coping behaviors
Efforts to deal with stress that appear to be aimed at changing the behaviors of others, such as when infants use facial expressions, movements, and verbalizations that seem designed to get a caregiver to respond positively in an interaction.
Self-directed coping behaviors
Efforts to deal with stress that appear to be aimed at self comfort.
Social referencing
A baby’s adjustment of its reactions to objects or events based on feedback provided by a caregiver.
Basic trust
An infant’s ability to see others as dependable and trustworthy as a result of caregiving that is timely, sensitive to the infant’s need, and consistently available.
Attachment theory
The infant and his primary caregiver participate in an interactive system that evolved to keep the infant safe. As the infant changes cognitively and emotionally, an affection bond with the caregiver emerges in stages.
Ethnologists
Biologists who do careful observations of animal behavior in natural environments.
Separation anxiety
Distress of an infant or young child when a primary caregiver leaves the child in someone else’s care.
Stranger anxiety
The tendency of an infant or young child to be wary of strangers and seek the comfort and protections of the primary caregiver when a stranger is present.
Proximity maintenance
Bonds between infant and caregiver encourage and sustain physical closeness.
Secure base
The bond between infant and caregiver provides the infant a protective resource as they develop and learn
Safe haven
Bonds between the infant and caregiver make the caregiver a source of comfort when distressed
Working models
An individual’s mental representation of self, other, and relationships, which serves as a prototype of social functioning and affects the individual’s expectations and behaviors in future relationships.
Strange situation test
Infants and their caregivers are brought to a room where the child experiences 8 three-minute episodes, each one introducing changes in the social situation. The babies willingness to explore the toys and his reactions to his mother and the strangers are observed.
Securely attached
Babies who typically show distress on separation from the mother in the strange situation test, but greet her happily on her return.
Anxious ambivalent
Babies who show a great deal of distress on separation from their mothers, and may act angry when reunited with the mother, alternately approaching and resisting her. Rarely return to exploration after a separation.