Chapter 8 Flashcards
SRY gene
This gene codes for a transcription factor that binds to regulatory DNA. At about 5 weeks gestation, it turns on genes that start the production of other proteins responsible for the development of gonads into testes.
Anti-mullerian hormone
A hormone produced in the testes during the prenatal development which causes the deterioration of the Müllerian ducts.
Androgens
Male hormones, produced in the testes that contribute to the development of male reproductive organs and may affect some aspects of brain development.
Mullerian duct
Prenatal structures that can develop into Fallopian tubes, a uterus and part of the vagina. They are destroyed by anti-mullerian hormones in male fetuses.
Wolffian duct
Prenatal structures. In males, high levels of androgens stimulate these ducts to develop into male reproductive structures, such as seminal vesicles. In females, these ducts deteriorate.
Genital tubercle
A prenatal structure. In males, it becomes the penis as a result of effects of circulating androgens. In females is becomes the clitoris.
X-linked recessive disorders
A class of genetic disorders that are carried on the X chromosome and are recessive. They are more likely to affect males who do not have a matching chromosome that might have the corresponding normal gene.
Gender identity
The awareness of one’s own gender assignment and understanding of its meaning.
Gender stability
The understanding that over time, one’s gender category stays the same: boys become men and girls become women.
Gender constancy
Recognizing the permanency of one’s gender category membership and understanding that it could never change.
Gender atypical
Individuals who have either ambitious genitalia or genitalia that is inconsistent with their sex-chromosomes.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
A gender-atypical condition in which biological females with 2 X chromosomes are exposed to high leveled of androgens during prenatal and postnatal development
Intersex
1 or more categories of gender identity along a continuum from “male” to “female”, based on subtle physical variations in internal and external reproductive organs, sex chromosomes, and hormones.
Meta-analysis
An analytic tool for assessing the effects of variables in which data from a large # of studies on the same topics are analyzed together to determine which effects are consistent across studies and why the strength of those effects are.
Borderwork
Interactions between boys and girls during middle childhood when there appear to be unwritten rules governing when and how the two genders will interact.
Rough-and-tumble play
Good-natured physical roughness that is almost exclusive property of boys’ play with boys.
Collaborative or affiliative speech
More often used with girls, in which children’s responses are keyed to what someone else has said, expressing agreement or making further suggestions, often in the form of a question rather than declarative or imperative sentences.
Domineering or power assertiveness speech
Discourse containing many commands and restrictions. Tends to be “egotistic”, ignoring others’ remarks, and often includes threats and interruptions, more typical of males than females.
Tomboyism
A trait girls exhibit when they prefer to play with boys and prefer boys’ toys and activities.
Self-socialization
Actively seeking to make one’s behavior consistent with his or her gender identity without needing social pressure to do so. Fosters gender role development.
Gender intensification hypothesis
Suggests that 1 way young teens cope with the demand of establishing an adult identity is to fall back on stereotyped notions of masculinity or femininity.
Gender schema
A network of ideas and expectations of male and female beliefs about male and female characteristics that affect what we pay attention to, interpret, and remember about events
