Chapter 10 Flashcards
Frameworklessness
A state of instability and anxiety unique to adolescents. This state is a result of the body changing in appearance, the emergence of adult sexual needs, etc
Attribute substitution
A process involving imitation and identification in which adolescents need to borrow and “try on” various behaviors and attributes that they observe in others, because the state of frameworklessness leaves them without clearly defined ways of behaving and thinking
Peer selection
Choosing peers based on behaviors, preferences, attitudes, and so on that are similar to one’s own.
Peer influence
The individual adolescent’s behavior, values, and attitudes are affected and/or determined by peer group members
Prudential consequences
Negative effects of an individual’s health, safety, or future as a a result of an action that violates some social expectation or rule.
Parental monitoring
Consistent parental supervision
Indulgent parenting (permissive parenting)
Describes parents who are high on responsiveness but low on demandingness
Dismissive parenting
Describes pares great who are essentially disengaged, scoring low on both responsiveness and demandingness
Acceptance factor
Includes being affectionate, praising the child, being involved in the child’s life, and showing concern for their needs.
Democracy factor
The degree to which parents encourage children’s psychological autonomy by soliciting their opinions or encouraging self-expression.
Risky behavior
Behaviors that constitute a departure from socially accepted norms or behaviors that pose a threat to the well-being of individuals or groups.
Life-course-persistent antisocial pattern (early-starter model)
Oppositional behavior begins in early child hood, persists and diversifies over time, and becomes increasingly more serious.
Adolescence-limited antisocial pattern
Adolescent-onset/late-started model
Begins in adolescence and is not likely to result in adult criminality. Although serious, it seems to be reflective of a difficult of exaggerated reaction to the adolescent period
Sensation seeking
The need for varied, novel, and complex sensation and experiences and the willingness to take physical and social risk for the sake of those experiences
Collective egocentrism
Peer influenced on maintaining risky behavior; each adolescent’s illusion of invincibility strengthens that of the other members of the peer group
Maturity gap
A time in adolescence when physical maturity is achieved but social maturity is not.
Broad socialization
Socialization that permits and encourages high levels of individual freedom of expression, has few social constraints and thus tolerates a wide variety of socially deviant behaviors
Narrow socialization
Socialization more characteristic of nonindustrialized cultures that exert extensive control over the expression of behaviors that violate social standards and expect substantial conformity from young members of society.
What are the two developmental pathways to antisocial behavior?
- Early-starter model
2. Late-starter model
What are the two aspects of parental responsiveness?
- Acceptance factor
2. Democracy factor
What is affected, with a child, when applying the democracy factor?
A child’s self-reliance, self-confidence, willingness to work hard, and general competence
What is affected, with a child, when applying the acceptance factor?
Self-esteem and self-adjustment
