Chapter 9

Question 1

Anxiety Disorders

Answer 1

A category of mental disorders characterized by persistent anxiety or fears.

Question 2

Central Symptoms

Answer 2

Symptoms of mental disorders observable in practically all cultures.

Question 3

Culture-Bound Syndromes

Answer 3

Recurrent, locally specific patterns of aberrant behavior and troubling experience that may or may not
be linked to a particular DSM-IV diagnostic category. Culture-bound syndromes are generally limited to specific societies or areas and indicate repetitive and troubling sets of experiences and observations.

Question 4

Depressive Disorder

Answer 4

A category of psychological disorders characterized by a profound and persistent feeling of sadness
or despair, guilt, loss of interest in things that were once pleasurable, and disturbance in sleep and appetite

Question 5

Melancholy

Answer 5

The most common label used in many countries in the past for symptoms known today as depression (often spelled melancholia).

Question 6

Mental Disorder

Answer 6

A clinically significant behavioral and psychological syndrome or pattern that occurs in an individual and that is associated with present distress (a painful syndrome) or disability (impairment in one or more important areas of functioning) or with a significantly increased risk of suffering death, pain, disability, or an important
loss of freedom.

Question 7

Peripheral Symptoms

Answer 7

Symptoms of mental disorders that are culture-specific.

Question 8

Personality Disorders

Answer 8

Enduring patterns of behavior and inner experience that deviate markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture.

Question 9

Psychotherapy

Answer 9

The treatment of psychological disorders through psychological means, generally involving verbal interaction with a professional therapist

Question 10

Relativist Perspective

Answer 10

people from different cultural settings should understand psychological disorders differently, and the differences should be significant.

Question 11

Schizophrenia

Answer 11

A disorder characterized by the presence of delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and disorganized or catatonic behavior

Question 12

Tolerance Threshold

Answer 12

A measure of tolerance or intolerance toward specific personality traits in a specific cultural environment.

Question 13

Universalist Perspective

Answer 13

Therefore, the overall understanding of psychological disorders ought to be universal.

Question 14

defining abnormal

Answer 14

• use a statistical approach

- apply criteria of impairment or inefficiency, deviance, or subjective distress

Question 15

universal symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 15

• lack of insight

- auditory and verbal hallucinations