Chapter 10 Flashcards
Cognitive Dissonance
Psychological tensions caused by the perceived mismatch (dissonance) between (1) attitudes and behavior, (2) two or more decisions, or (3) two or more attitudes.
Dogmatism
The tendency to be closed-minded, rigid, and inflexible in one’s opinions and subsequent behavior.
Locus of Control
The generalized beliefs that the control of one’s reinforcements rests either on controllable internal factors (internal locus of control) or on uncontrollable external factors (external locus of control).
National Character
The perceived predominant behavioral and psychological features and traits common in most people of a nation.
Self-Centered Bias AKA Self-Serving Bias
The tendency to take credit for successes and avoid responsibility for failures.
Social Attribution
The process through which we seek to explain and identify the causes of the behavior of others as well as our own actions.
Social Cognition
The process through which we interpret, remember, and then use information about the social world.
Social Perception
The process through which we seek to know and understand other people and ourselves.
Stereotypes
Traits or characteristics generally attributed to all members of specific groups
Unassuming Bias
The tendency to explain one’s own success as a result of external factors, and one’s failure as a result of personal mistakes or weaknesses.
Value
A complex belief that reflects a principle, standard, or quality considered by the individual as the most desirable or appropriate
cognitive balance and cognitive dissonance theories
suggest that people seek consistency among their attitudes
justice based view of morality
beliefs that emphasize the autonomy of the individual and their rights
duty-based view of morality
belief that obligation to others is the basis of morality
