Chapter 1 Flashcards
Activity
A process of the individual’s goal-directed interaction with the environment
Collectivism
Behavior based on concerns for other people, traditions, and values they share together
Cross-Cultural Psychology
The critical and comparative study of cultural effects on human psychology
Cultural Psychology
The study that seeks to discover systematic relationships between culture and psychological variables
Culture
A set of attitudes, behaviors, and symbols shared by a group of people and usually communicated from one generation to the next
Ecological Context
The natural setting in which human organisms and the environment interact.
Ethnicity
A cultural heritage shared by a category of people who also share a common ancestral origin, language, and religion.
Ethnocentrism
The view that supports judgment about other ethnic, national, and cultural groups and events from the observer’s own ethnic, national, or cultural group’s outlook.
Ideological (Value-Based) Knowledge
A stable set of beliefs about the world, the nature of good and evil, right and wrong, and the purpose of human life—all based on a certain organizing principal or central idea.
Individualism
Complex behavior based on concern for oneself and one’s immediate family or primary group as opposed to concern for other groups to which one belongs.
Legal Knowledge
A type of knowledge encapsulated in the law and detailed in official rules and principles related to psychological functioning of individuals.
Multiculturalism
The view that encourages recognition of equality for all cultural and national groups and promotes the idea that various cultural groups have the right to follow their own paths of development.
Nation
A large group of people who constitute a legitimate, independent state and share a common geographic origin, history, and frequently, language.
Nontraditional Culture
The term used to describe cultures based largely on modern beliefs, rules, symbols, and principles, relatively open to other cultures, absorbing and dynamic, science based and technology driven, and relatively tolerant to social innovations.
Popular (or Folk) Knowledge
Everyday assumptions ranging from commonly held beliefs to individual opinions about psychological phenomena.
Power Distance
The extent to which the members of a society accept that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally.
Race
A large group of people distinguished by certain similar and genetically transmitted physical characteristics
Religious Affiliation
A term indicating an individual’s acceptance of knowledge, beliefs, and practices related to a particular faith.
Scientific Knowledge:
A type of knowledge accumulated as a result of scientific research on a wide range of psychological phenomena.
Sociopolitical Context
The setting in which people participate in both global and local decisions; it includes various ideological issues, political structures, and presence or absence of political and social freedoms.
Traditional Culture
The term used to describe cultures based largely on beliefs, rules, symbols, and principles established predominantly in the past, confined in local or regional boundaries, restricting and mostly intolerant to social innovations.
Uncertainty Avoidance
The degree to which the members of a society feel uncomfortable with uncertainty and ambiguity
Uncertainty Orientation
Common ways in which people handle uncertainty in their daily situations and lives in general
