Chapter 1

Question 1

Activity

Answer 1

A process of the individual’s goal-directed interaction with the environment

Question 2

Collectivism

Answer 2

Behavior based on concerns for other people, traditions, and values they share together

Question 3

Cross-Cultural Psychology

Answer 3

The critical and comparative study of cultural effects on human psychology

Question 4

Cultural Psychology

Answer 4

The study that seeks to discover systematic relationships between culture and psychological variables

Question 5

Culture

Answer 5

A set of attitudes, behaviors, and symbols shared by a group of people and usually communicated from one generation to the next

Question 6

Ecological Context

Answer 6

The natural setting in which human organisms and the environment interact.

Question 7

Ethnicity

Answer 7

A cultural heritage shared by a category of people who also share a common ancestral origin, language, and religion.

Question 8

Ethnocentrism

Answer 8

The view that supports judgment about other ethnic, national, and cultural groups and events from the observer’s own ethnic, national, or cultural group’s outlook.

Question 9

Ideological (Value-Based) Knowledge

Answer 9

A stable set of beliefs about the world, the nature of good and evil, right and wrong, and the purpose of human life—all based on a certain organizing principal or central idea.

Question 10

Individualism

Answer 10

Complex behavior based on concern for oneself and one’s immediate family or primary group as opposed to concern for other groups to which one belongs.

Question 11

Legal Knowledge

Answer 11

A type of knowledge encapsulated in the law and detailed in official rules and principles related to psychological functioning of individuals.

Question 12

Multiculturalism

Answer 12

The view that encourages recognition of equality for all cultural and national groups and promotes the idea that various cultural groups have the right to follow their own paths of development.

Question 13

Nation

Answer 13

A large group of people who constitute a legitimate, independent state and share a common geographic origin, history, and frequently, language.

Question 14

Nontraditional Culture

Answer 14

The term used to describe cultures based largely on modern beliefs, rules, symbols, and principles, relatively open to other cultures, absorbing and dynamic, science based and technology driven, and relatively tolerant to social innovations.

Question 15

Popular (or Folk) Knowledge

Answer 15

Everyday assumptions ranging from commonly held beliefs to individual opinions about psychological phenomena.

Question 16

Power Distance

Answer 16

The extent to which the members of a society accept that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally.

Question 17

Race

Answer 17

A large group of people distinguished by certain similar and genetically transmitted physical characteristics

Question 18

Religious Affiliation

Answer 18

A term indicating an individual’s acceptance of knowledge, beliefs, and practices related to a particular faith.

Question 19

Scientific Knowledge:

Answer 19

A type of knowledge accumulated as a result of scientific research on a wide range of psychological phenomena.

Question 20

Sociopolitical Context

Answer 20

The setting in which people participate in both global and local decisions; it includes various ideological issues, political structures, and presence or absence of political and social freedoms.

Question 21

Traditional Culture

Answer 21

The term used to describe cultures based largely on beliefs, rules, symbols, and principles established predominantly in the past, confined in local or regional boundaries, restricting and mostly intolerant to social innovations.

Question 22

Uncertainty Avoidance

Answer 22

The degree to which the members of a society feel uncomfortable with uncertainty and ambiguity

Question 23

Uncertainty Orientation

Answer 23

Common ways in which people handle uncertainty in their daily situations and lives in general