Chapter 11

Question 1

Cohesiveness

Answer 1

All forces acting on group members to cause them to remain part of a group, including mutual attraction, interdependence, and shared goals

Question 2

Competition

Answer 2

A form of social interaction in which individuals or groups attempt to maximize their own outcomes, often at the expense of others

Question 3

Compliance

Answer 3

Doing or saying what others say or do

Question 4

Conformity

Answer 4

A form of social influence in which individuals change their attitudes or/and behavior to adhere to existing social norms

Question 5

Cooperation

Answer 5

A form of social interaction in which individuals or groups coordinate their behavior to reach a shared goal

Question 6

Embeddedness

Answer 6

The degree to which individuals and groups are enmeshed together

Question 7

Group

Answer 7

Two or more individuals forming a complete unit in a composition

Question 8

Group Polarization

Answer 8

The tendency of group members to shift, as a result of group discussion, toward more extreme positions than those they initially held

Question 9

Groupthink

Answer 9

The tendency of members of groups to adhere to the shared views so strongly that they ignore information inconsistent with those views

Question 10

Identification

Answer 10

The process wherein the individual so strongly feels that he or she is a member of a group that he or she adopts its opinions, attitudes, and values

Question 11

Leadership

Answer 11

The process through which some individuals (leaders) influence other group members toward the attainment of a specific group goal or activity

Question 12

Norms

Answer 12

Rules within a group indicating how its members should (or should not) behave

Question 13

Obedience

Answer 13

A form of social influence in which one person simply orders one or more people to perform some action(s).

Question 14

Power

Answer 14

The capacity or ability of an individual to exercise control and/or authority

Question 15

Roles

Answer 15

The sets of behaviors that individuals occupying specific positions within a group are expected to perform

Question 16

Sanctions

Answer 16

Actions that reward those who follow the norms (positive sanctions) and reprove those who are deviant (negative sanctions).

Question 17

Social Facilitation

Answer 17

Effects on performance resulting from the presence of others

Question 18

Social Influence

Answer 18

Efforts on the part of one person to alter the behavior or attitudes of one or more people

Question 19

Social Loafing

Answer 19

The tendency of some group members to exert less effort on a task than they would if working alone

Question 20

Status

Answer 20

Relative social (formal or informal) position or rank within a group