Chapter 5

Question 1

Cognition

Answer 1

process where the individual acquires and applies knowledge.

Question 2

Cognitive Style

Answer 2

way that you organize and comprehend the world

Question 3

Creativity

Answer 3

Originality or the ability to produce valued outcomes in a novel way

Question 4

Empirical Reasoning

Answer 4

Experience and cognitive operations drawn from everyday activities

Question 5

Field-Dependent Style

Answer 5

ability to rely more on external visual cues and to be primarily socially oriented.

Question 6

Field-Independent Style

Answer 6

ability to rely primarily on bodily cues within themselves and to be less oriented toward social engagement with others.

Question 7

Formal Reasoning

Answer 7

Basic cognitive operations based on abstract analysis of given premises and deriving a conclusion from them.

Question 8

Intelligence

Answer 8

Global capacity to think rationally, acts purposefully, overcome obstacles, and adapt to a changing environment

Question 9

Low-Effort Syndrome

Answer 9

Low level of motivation on intelligence tests based on the belief that the tests are biased and test results are unimportant for success in life.

Question 10

Nativist View

Answer 10

The view that all cognitive phenomena are inborn, that they unravel as a result of biological - programming, and that environmental perception requires little active construction by the organism.

Question 11

Psychometric Approach to Intelligence

Answer 11

assumption that our intelligence can - receive a numerical value. (think IQ tests like the Wechsler’s)

Question 12

intelligence according to Einstein

Answer 12

intelligence is defined as helping one to adapt to a changing environment

Question 13

Cattell on intelligence

Answer 13

argued that “G” or general ability was made up of 2 components – Fluid intelligence (reasoning & using info) which is free from social influence and Crystallized intelligence (skills & knowledge)

Question 14

Gardner on intelligence

Answer 14

multiple intelligence has since argued for 9 types includes – language, music, logic & mathematical reasoning, spatial skills, body, social, self. Based largely on the existence of savants (think “rainman”)

Question 15

Sternberg’s Triarchic theory

Answer 15

deals w/:

1. info-processing & other cognitive processes
2. efficiency & effectiveness of their thought processes
3. situational influences

He argues that what’s intelligent depends on the sociocultural context in which it occurs! And thus, part of this is street smarts & adaptability as well as how this relates to the external world (experience). He also includes the cognitive perspective that automatization counts – or how automatic experience & practice has made your info-processing system

Question 16

Ceci’s Bioecological Theory of Intelligence

Answer 16

• context plays an active role in development of intelligence
• 4 types of context:
  1. physical, or external stimuli that may influence expression or development of intelligence
  2. social, or socially appropriate knowledge (i.e., sex role stereotypical behavior)
  3. mental or knowledge and representation
  4. historical, which is how the time you live in affects the development of intelligence.