chapter 9

Question 1

aquifer

Answer 1

permeable layer of rock and sediment that contains groundwater

Question 2

unconfined aquifer

Answer 2

aquifer made of porous rock covered by soil out of which water can easily flow

Question 3

confined aquifer

Answer 3

an aquifer surrounded by a layer of impermeable rock or clay that impedes water flow

Question 4

water table

Answer 4

the uppermost level at which the water in a given area fully saturates rock or soil

Question 5

groundwater recharge

Answer 5

a process by which water percolates through the soil and works its way into an aquifer

Question 6

spring

Answer 6

natural resource of water formed when water from an aquifer percolates up to the ground surface

Question 7

artesian well

Answer 7

a well created by drilling a hole into a confined aquifer

Question 8

cone of depression

Answer 8

an area lacking groundwater due to rapid withdrawal by a well

Question 9

saltwater intrusion

Answer 9

infiltration of salt water in an area where groundwater pressure has been reduced from extensive drilling of wells

Question 10

floodplain

Answer 10

the land adjacent to a river

Question 11

impermeable surface

Answer 11

pavement or buildings that do not allow water penetration

Question 12

levee

Answer 12

enlarged bank built up on each side of a river

Question 13

dike

Answer 13

a structure built to prevent ocean waters from flooding adjacent land

Question 14

dam

Answer 14

a barrier that runs across a river or stream to control the flow of water

Question 15

reservoir

Answer 15

the water body created by a damming a river or stream

Question 16

fish ladder

Answer 16

a stair like structure that allows migrating fish to get around a dam

Question 17

aqueduct

Answer 17

a canal or ditch used to carry water from one location to another

Question 18

desalination

Answer 18

the process of removing the salt from salt water

Question 19

distillation

Answer 19

a process of desalination in which water is boiled and the resulting steam is captured and condensed to yield pure water

Question 20

reverse osmosis

Answer 20

a process of desalination in which water is forced through a thin semipermeable membrane at high pressure

Question 21

water footprint

Answer 21

the total daily per capita use of fresh water

Question 22

hydroponic agriculture

Answer 22

the cultivation of plants in greenhouse conditions by immersing roots in a nutrient rich solution

Question 23

gray water

Answer 23

wastewater from baths showers bathrooms and washing machines

Question 24

contaminated water

Answer 24

wastewater from toilets kitchen sinks and dishwashers