chapter 15 & 19

Question 1

air pollution

Answer 1

introduction of chemicals, particulates, and microorganisms into the atmosphere

Question 2

particulate matter

Answer 2

solid or liquid particles suspended in air

Question 3

haze

Answer 3

reduced visibility

Question 4

photochemical oxident

Answer 4

a class of air pollutants formed as a result of sunlight acting on compounds such as nitrogen oxides

Question 5

ozone

Answer 5

a secondary pollutant made up of three oxygen atoms bound together

Question 6

smog

Answer 6

a type of air pollution that is a mixture of oxidents and particulate matter

Question 7

photochemical smog

Answer 7

smog that is dominated by oxidents such as ozone

Question 8

sulfurous smog

Answer 8

smog dominated by sulfur dioxide and sulfate compounds

Question 9

volatile organic compound

Answer 9

an organic compound that evaporates at typical atmospheric temperatures

Question 10

primary pollutant

Answer 10

a polluting compound that comes directly out of a smoke stack exhaust pipe or natural emission source

Question 11

secondary pollutant

Answer 11

a primary pollutant that has undergone transformation in the presence of sunlight, water, oxygen and other compounds

Question 12

thermal inversion

Answer 12

a situation in which a relatively warm layer of air at mid altitude covers a layer of cold dense air below

Question 13

inversion layer

Answer 13

the layer of warm air that traps emissions in a thermal inversion

Question 14

global change

Answer 14

change that occurs in the chemical biological and physical properties of the planet

Question 15

global climate change

Answer 15

changes in the average weather that occurs in an area over a period of years or decades

Question 16

global warmig

Answer 16

the warming of the oceans land masses and atmosphere

Question 17

greenhouse effect

Answer 17

absorption of infrared radiation by atmospheric gases and reradiation of the energy back toward earth

Question 18

greenhouse warming potential

Answer 18

an estimate of how much a molecule of any compound can contribute to global warming over a period of 100 years relative to a molecule of CO2

Question 19

ocean acidification

Answer 19

the process by which an increase in ocean CO2 causes more CO2 to be converted to carbonic acid which lowers the PH of the water

Question 20

kyoto protocol

Answer 20

an international agreement that sets a goal for global emissions of greenhouse gases from all industrialized countries to be reduced by 5.2% below their 1990 levels by 2012

Question 21

carbon sequestration

Answer 21

an approach to stabilizing greenhouse gases by removing CO2 from the atmosphere