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8th grade earth science > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which common metal was worth more per ounce than gold before scientists found a practical means of extracting it from the ore?

A

aluminum

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2
Q

Is liquid water a mineral?

A

no

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3
Q

Is seawater a mixture?

A

yes

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4
Q

Sulfur is to native mineral as quartz is to

A

compound mineral

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5
Q

Give an example of a mineral that has perfect cleavage

A

mica

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6
Q

Obsidian, a mineral of volcanic origin, breaks in smooth, curved surfaces. What type of fracture does it show?

A

conchoidal

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7
Q

A mineral rated as 1 on the Mohs scale is

A

soft

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8
Q 
A diamond will scratch feldspar and feldspar will scratch calcite. Which of these is the only possible hardness values for calcite, feldspar and diamond in the correct order?
A. 3,10,6
B. 10,3,6
C. 10,6,3
D. 3,6,10
A

3,6,10

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9
Q

When you conduct an acid test on a mineral sample, you are watching for

A

gas bubbles

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10
Q

A dark mineral sample attracts iron filings. You could conclude that the mineral is

A

magnetite

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11
Q

A mineral sample gives a strong reading on a Geiger counter. You could conclude that the mineral is

A

pitchblende (a uranium ore)

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12
Q

A transparent mineral fluoresces red and exhibits double refraction. You could conclude that the mineral is

A

calcite

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13
Q

The best metallic conductor of electricity is

A

silver

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14
Q

Is quartz a native mineral?

A

no

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15
Q

A carat is a unit of

A

mass

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16
Q

Scientists theorize that some macaws regularly eat clay because they

A

have a mineral deficiency

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17
Q

Fool’s gold (also called pyrite), a mineral of iron and sulfur, is classified as a(n)

A

sulfide

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18
Q

Mineral salts are more properly called

A

halides

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19
Q

The mineral cinnabar, also called mercury sulfide, is an important source, or _________ of mercury.

A

ore

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20
Q

A geologist who studies and identifies mineral samples is called a(n)

A

mineralogist

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21
Q

The process by which a crystal grows is called

A

accretion

22
Q

If a mineral produces regular, flat surfaces when it breaks, then it exhibits

A

cleavage

23
Q

The brilliance of a diamond is due to its high index of

A

refraction

24
Q

___________ occurs when a mineral’s crystal structure splits a light beam passing through it into two parts. Thus, two images are seen through a transparent crystal.

A

double refraction

25
Q

A deep vertical shaft of rock produced by volcanic activity in which diamonds are frequently found is called a(n)

A

diamond pipe

26
Q

The most abundant family or class of minerals is the

A

silicates

27
Q

Oxides are compounds that consist of _____ and another element, usually metal.

A

oxygen

28
Q

A lab scientist performed a flame test on an unknown specimen and noted a beautiful violet flame. He recognized this as potassium, and another test narrowed the options down to either potassium carbonate or potassium oxide. Could he finish his identification by using hydrochloric acid? If so, name the specimen and explain your reasoning.

A

Carbonates fizz when tested with acid, so if bubbles form, he has potassium carbonate. No fizz means it is potassium oxide.

29
Q

What property does copper possess that makes it a good material for plumbing pipes?

A

Copper forms a tough outer layer when it tarnishes and, as a result, resists corrosion

30
Q

A mineral with only one kind of atom

A

native mineral

31
Q

two or more substances combined but not chemically bonded

A

mixture

32
Q

the color of a mineral’s powder

A

streak

33
Q

the amount and quality of the light reflected from a mineral’s surface

A

luster

34
Q

the ratio of the density of a specimen t the density of water at 4 degrees C

A

specific gravity

35
Q

the glow caused by ultraviolet light illumination

A

fluorescence

36
Q

the bending of light

A

refraction

37
Q

True or False

All minerals are composed of two or more elements

A

False

38
Q

True or False

All native minerals are pure elements

A

True

39
Q

True or False

Some minerals can have more than one color

A

True

40
Q

True or False

A mineral’s streak is a more reliable way to classify a mineral than its apparent color

A

True

41
Q

True or False

Some minerals are too hard to leave a streak on a streak plate

A

True

42
Q

True or False

Cleavage and fracture both refer to the characteristic way in which a mineral breaks

A

True

43
Q

True or False

The Mohs scale is used to rate a mineral’s resistance to fracturing.

A

False

44
Q

True or False

A mineral sample that can glow for extended periods in the dark is said to be fluorescent.

A

False

45
Q

True or False

Placer deposits are found deep underground

A

False

46
Q

True or False

Diamond is composed of carbon

A

True

47
Q

True or False

During the smelting process, heat is used to cause a physical change in which metal is separated from its ore

A

False

48
Q

Explain how you would determine the specific gravity of a mineral specimen in the laboratory.

A

refer to page 199

49
Q

What are some of the measurements used to describe the seven different basic crystal systems

A

refer to page 202

50
Q

From a Christian perspective, defend or refute this statement: “We should be actively engaged in locating, mining, and processing new sources of ores and their minerals.”

A

refer to pages 209-210

8th grade earth science (10 decks)

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