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8th grade earth science > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

The experiments performed by the Large Hadron Collider are an attempt to show

A

how the universe started

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2
Q

Matter is defined as anything that

A

occupies space and has mass

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3
Q

Sweetened tea would be an example of

A

mixture

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4
Q 
Which of these is a pure substance?
solid aluminum
the air
granite
whipped cream
A

solid aluminum

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5
Q

If a substance has a fixed (unchanging) volume but not a definite shape, it is in the _______ state.

A

liquid

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6
Q

A substance’s state of matter is most directly affected by its

A

temperature

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7
Q 
Which of these would not be considered a fluid?
nitrogen gas in a tank
a bar of pure gold
liquid mercury
ocean water
A

a bar of pure gold

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8
Q

In which state of matter do the particles posses the most energy?

A

plasma

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9
Q

If you want to find the weight of an object, you should use a

A

spring scale

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10
Q

Liters, cubic inches, quarts, and milliliters are all measures of

A

volume

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11
Q

It is theorized that coal formed from deep layers of plant material that were under great pressure and over time became rock-like. The forces involved would be an example of

A

compression

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12
Q

Which force is responsible for the grinding and wearing away of rock as a glacier moves over it?

A

friction

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13
Q

Which force(s) is/are significant in producing a snow avalanche?

A

gravity

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14
Q

The force exerted by a stalactite on the roof of the cave where it hangs is an example of

A

tension

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15
Q 
Which of these is a field force?
compression
friction
magnetism
shear
A

magnetism

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16
Q

Which force is probably the most important to a geologist?

A

gravity

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17
Q

What is operationally defined as “the ability to do work”?

A

energy

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18
Q

For an object to have kinetic energy, it must be

A

moving

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19
Q

The sun releases what kind of energy?

A

magnetic, thermal and light

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20
Q

What term is defined as the flow of thermal energy from a hot place to a cooler place?

A

heat

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21
Q

_________ sounds are caused by vibrations that are too slow for the human ear to detect.

A

infrasonic

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22
Q 
Which of these terms can be used to describe a type of light energy?
ultrasound
thermodynamic
infrared
thermal
A

infrared

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23
Q

Which particle can always be found in the nucleus of any atoms?

A

proton

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24
Q

Water is

A

a compound, a pure substance, a molecule

25
Q

When lots of identical particles join together in a repeating, three-dimensional pattern, they may form a(n)

A

crystal

26
Q

Which of these would be a chemical change?
an icicle forms along a cliff edge
salts from the soil dissolve into a stream
lightning strikes a spruce tree and starts a fire
seashells are ground to powder by the surf

A

lightning strikes a spruce tree and starts a fire

27
Q

According to the __________ theory, the days of Creation were not literal 24-hour periods.

A

Day-Age

28
Q

If you measured an object and found it contained 38 g of matter, you have determined its ________

A

mass

29
Q

A _______ is operationally defined as a push or a pull.

A

force

30
Q

Your weight is directly linked to the field force known as ______

A

gravity

31
Q

If a force is applied to an object in the same direction as it moves through a distance, _______ has been performed.

A

work

32
Q

The term __________ would be used to describe the height of a wave.

A

amplitude

33
Q

The atomic number of an element tells you how many ______ are in its nucleus.

A

protons

34
Q

How can a neutral atom become an ion?

A

If a neutral atom gains or loses one or more electrons, it no longer has an equal number of protons and electrons. The imbalance in charges leaves it with a positive or negative charge.

35
Q

What is the difference between a physical change and a chemical change?

A

In a physical change, the appearance of a substance may change, but the chemical identity does not. Chemical changes cause one pure substance to become one or more different pure substance.

36
Q

How are fission and fusion alike, and how are they different?

A

Both are examples of nuclear changes. In fission, an atom’s nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei. In fusion, two nuclei combine.

37
Q

The surface of a pond becomes solid enough to hold skaters in the winter. This is an example of what?

A

freezing

38
Q

Gasoline disappears from an open can left in the sun. This is an example of what?

A

vaporization

39
Q

Frost forms overnight on your car’s windshield. This is an example of what?

A

deposition

40
Q

Ice cubes “shrink” while in the freezer. This is an example of what?

A

sublimation

41
Q

Droplets of water form on the outside of a chilled drink. This is an example of what?

A

condensation

42
Q

It is the sum of the kinetic energy found in a substance’s particles.

A

thermal energy

43
Q

It may be ultrasonic

A

sound energy

44
Q

It causes the aurora borealis, the Northern Lights

A

magnetic energy

45
Q

It may be ultraviolet or other invisible forms.

A

light energy

46
Q

It is the starting source of energy within the sun.

A

nuclear energy

47
Q

True or False

The Big Bang theory cannot give a good explanation for the existence of galaxies.

A

True

48
Q

True or False

A thermometer indirectly measures how fast a substance’s particles are moving.

A

True

49
Q

True or False

Most substances freeze around 0 degrees C.

A

False

50
Q

True or False

The sun and the stars are made mostly of molecular gases.

A

False

51
Q

True or False

Evaporation is a type of vaporization

A

True

52
Q

True or False

Your mass would be less on the moon than it is on the earth.

A

False

53
Q

True or False

All forces act in pairs

A

True

54
Q

True or False

Physicists have observed dark matter many times. They just don’t know how to measure it yet.

A

False

55
Q

True or False

Potential energy can be converted to kinetic energy.

A

True

56
Q

True or False

The term atom comes from the Greek word for “invisible”

A

False

57
Q

True or False

All compounds are made of molecules, but not all molecules represent a compound.

A

False

58
Q

Name three common field forces and tell what single thing most affects their strength.

A

Field forces include magnetic force, electrical force, and gravity. They are defined as forces that act between objects that are separated by distance. The field forces between objects decrease as they move farther apart.

59
Q

How could your weight vary from one place to another even though your mass remains the same?

A

Weight is a measurement of the pull exerted by gravity. If you change altitudes or leave earth, the difference in gravity will be seen in a different weight.

8th grade earth science (10 decks)

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