Chapter 2

Question 1

The experiments performed by the Large Hadron Collider are an attempt to show

Answer 1

how the universe started

Question 2

Matter is defined as anything that

Answer 2

occupies space and has mass

Question 3

Sweetened tea would be an example of

Answer 3

mixture

Question 4

Which of these is a pure substance?
solid aluminum
the air
granite
whipped cream

Answer 4

solid aluminum

Question 5

If a substance has a fixed (unchanging) volume but not a definite shape, it is in the _______ state.

Answer 5

liquid

Question 6

A substance’s state of matter is most directly affected by its

Answer 6

temperature

Question 7

Which of these would not be considered a fluid?
nitrogen gas in a tank
a bar of pure gold
liquid mercury
ocean water

Answer 7

a bar of pure gold

Question 8

In which state of matter do the particles posses the most energy?

Answer 8

plasma

Question 9

If you want to find the weight of an object, you should use a

Answer 9

spring scale

Question 10

Liters, cubic inches, quarts, and milliliters are all measures of

Answer 10

volume

Question 11

It is theorized that coal formed from deep layers of plant material that were under great pressure and over time became rock-like. The forces involved would be an example of

Answer 11

compression

Question 12

Which force is responsible for the grinding and wearing away of rock as a glacier moves over it?

Answer 12

friction

Question 13

Which force(s) is/are significant in producing a snow avalanche?

Answer 13

gravity

Question 14

The force exerted by a stalactite on the roof of the cave where it hangs is an example of

Answer 14

tension

Question 15

Which of these is a field force?
compression
friction
magnetism
shear

Answer 15

magnetism

Question 16

Which force is probably the most important to a geologist?

Answer 16

gravity

Question 17

What is operationally defined as “the ability to do work”?

Answer 17

energy

Question 18

For an object to have kinetic energy, it must be

Answer 18

moving

Question 19

The sun releases what kind of energy?

Answer 19

magnetic, thermal and light

Question 20

What term is defined as the flow of thermal energy from a hot place to a cooler place?

Answer 20

heat

Question 21

_________ sounds are caused by vibrations that are too slow for the human ear to detect.

Answer 21

infrasonic

Question 22

Which of these terms can be used to describe a type of light energy?
ultrasound
thermodynamic
infrared
thermal

Answer 22

infrared

Question 23

Which particle can always be found in the nucleus of any atoms?

Answer 23

proton

Question 24

Water is

Answer 24

a compound, a pure substance, a molecule

Question 25

When lots of identical particles join together in a repeating, three-dimensional pattern, they may form a(n)

Answer 25

crystal

Question 26

Which of these would be a chemical change? an icicle forms along a cliff edge salts from the soil dissolve into a stream lightning strikes a spruce tree and starts a fire seashells are ground to powder by the surf

Answer 26

lightning strikes a spruce tree and starts a fire

Question 27

According to the __________ theory, the days of Creation were not literal 24-hour periods.

Answer 27

Day-Age

Question 28

If you measured an object and found it contained 38 g of matter, you have determined its ________

Answer 28

mass

Question 29

A _______ is operationally defined as a push or a pull.

Answer 29

force

Question 30

Your weight is directly linked to the field force known as ______

Answer 30

gravity

Question 31

If a force is applied to an object in the same direction as it moves through a distance, _______ has been performed.

Answer 31

work

Question 32

The term __________ would be used to describe the height of a wave.

Answer 32

amplitude

Question 33

The atomic number of an element tells you how many ______ are in its nucleus.

Answer 33

protons

Question 34

How can a neutral atom become an ion?

Answer 34

If a neutral atom gains or loses one or more electrons, it no longer has an equal number of protons and electrons. The imbalance in charges leaves it with a positive or negative charge.

Question 35

What is the difference between a physical change and a chemical change?

Answer 35

In a physical change, the appearance of a substance may change, but the chemical identity does not. Chemical changes cause one pure substance to become one or more different pure substance.

Question 36

How are fission and fusion alike, and how are they different?

Answer 36

Both are examples of nuclear changes. In fission, an atom's nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei. In fusion, two nuclei combine.

Question 37

The surface of a pond becomes solid enough to hold skaters in the winter. This is an example of what?

Answer 37

freezing

Question 38

Gasoline disappears from an open can left in the sun. This is an example of what?

Answer 38

vaporization

Question 39

Frost forms overnight on your car's windshield. This is an example of what?

Answer 39

deposition

Question 40

Ice cubes "shrink" while in the freezer. This is an example of what?

Answer 40

sublimation

Question 41

Droplets of water form on the outside of a chilled drink. This is an example of what?

Answer 41

condensation

Question 42

It is the sum of the kinetic energy found in a substance's particles.

Answer 42

thermal energy

Question 43

It may be ultrasonic

Answer 43

sound energy

Question 44

It causes the aurora borealis, the Northern Lights

Answer 44

magnetic energy

Question 45

It may be ultraviolet or other invisible forms.

Answer 45

light energy

Question 46

It is the starting source of energy within the sun.

Answer 46

nuclear energy

Question 47

True or False | The Big Bang theory cannot give a good explanation for the existence of galaxies.

Answer 47

True

Question 48

True or False | A thermometer indirectly measures how fast a substance's particles are moving.

Answer 48

True

Question 49

True or False | Most substances freeze around 0 degrees C.

Answer 49

False

Question 50

True or False | The sun and the stars are made mostly of molecular gases.

Answer 50

False

Question 51

True or False | Evaporation is a type of vaporization

Answer 51

True

Question 52

True or False | Your mass would be less on the moon than it is on the earth.

Answer 52

False

Question 53

True or False | All forces act in pairs

Answer 53

True

Question 54

True or False | Physicists have observed dark matter many times. They just don't know how to measure it yet.

Answer 54

False

Question 55

True or False | Potential energy can be converted to kinetic energy.

Answer 55

True

Question 56

True or False | The term atom comes from the Greek word for "invisible"

Answer 56

False

Question 57

True or False | All compounds are made of molecules, but not all molecules represent a compound.

Answer 57

False

Question 58

Name three common field forces and tell what single thing most affects their strength.

Answer 58

Field forces include magnetic force, electrical force, and gravity. They are defined as forces that act between objects that are separated by distance. The field forces between objects decrease as they move farther apart.

Question 59

How could your weight vary from one place to another even though your mass remains the same?

Answer 59

Weight is a measurement of the pull exerted by gravity. If you change altitudes or leave earth, the difference in gravity will be seen in a different weight.