Chapter 2 Flashcards
The experiments performed by the Large Hadron Collider are an attempt to show
how the universe started
Matter is defined as anything that
occupies space and has mass
Sweetened tea would be an example of
mixture
Which of these is a pure substance? solid aluminum the air granite whipped cream
solid aluminum
If a substance has a fixed (unchanging) volume but not a definite shape, it is in the _______ state.
liquid
A substance’s state of matter is most directly affected by its
temperature
Which of these would not be considered a fluid? nitrogen gas in a tank a bar of pure gold liquid mercury ocean water
a bar of pure gold
In which state of matter do the particles posses the most energy?
plasma
If you want to find the weight of an object, you should use a
spring scale
Liters, cubic inches, quarts, and milliliters are all measures of
volume
It is theorized that coal formed from deep layers of plant material that were under great pressure and over time became rock-like. The forces involved would be an example of
compression
Which force is responsible for the grinding and wearing away of rock as a glacier moves over it?
friction
Which force(s) is/are significant in producing a snow avalanche?
gravity
The force exerted by a stalactite on the roof of the cave where it hangs is an example of
tension
Which of these is a field force? compression friction magnetism shear
magnetism
Which force is probably the most important to a geologist?
gravity
What is operationally defined as “the ability to do work”?
energy
For an object to have kinetic energy, it must be
moving
The sun releases what kind of energy?
magnetic, thermal and light
What term is defined as the flow of thermal energy from a hot place to a cooler place?
heat
_________ sounds are caused by vibrations that are too slow for the human ear to detect.
infrasonic
Which of these terms can be used to describe a type of light energy? ultrasound thermodynamic infrared thermal
infrared
Which particle can always be found in the nucleus of any atoms?
proton
Water is
a compound, a pure substance, a molecule
When lots of identical particles join together in a repeating, three-dimensional pattern, they may form a(n)
crystal
Which of these would be a chemical change?
an icicle forms along a cliff edge
salts from the soil dissolve into a stream
lightning strikes a spruce tree and starts a fire
seashells are ground to powder by the surf
lightning strikes a spruce tree and starts a fire
According to the __________ theory, the days of Creation were not literal 24-hour periods.
Day-Age
If you measured an object and found it contained 38 g of matter, you have determined its ________
mass
A _______ is operationally defined as a push or a pull.
force
Your weight is directly linked to the field force known as ______
gravity
If a force is applied to an object in the same direction as it moves through a distance, _______ has been performed.
work
The term __________ would be used to describe the height of a wave.
amplitude
The atomic number of an element tells you how many ______ are in its nucleus.
protons
How can a neutral atom become an ion?
If a neutral atom gains or loses one or more electrons, it no longer has an equal number of protons and electrons. The imbalance in charges leaves it with a positive or negative charge.
What is the difference between a physical change and a chemical change?
In a physical change, the appearance of a substance may change, but the chemical identity does not. Chemical changes cause one pure substance to become one or more different pure substance.
How are fission and fusion alike, and how are they different?
Both are examples of nuclear changes. In fission, an atom’s nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei. In fusion, two nuclei combine.
The surface of a pond becomes solid enough to hold skaters in the winter. This is an example of what?
freezing
Gasoline disappears from an open can left in the sun. This is an example of what?
vaporization
Frost forms overnight on your car’s windshield. This is an example of what?
deposition
Ice cubes “shrink” while in the freezer. This is an example of what?
sublimation
Droplets of water form on the outside of a chilled drink. This is an example of what?
condensation
It is the sum of the kinetic energy found in a substance’s particles.
thermal energy
It may be ultrasonic
sound energy
It causes the aurora borealis, the Northern Lights
magnetic energy
It may be ultraviolet or other invisible forms.
light energy
It is the starting source of energy within the sun.
nuclear energy
True or False
The Big Bang theory cannot give a good explanation for the existence of galaxies.
True
True or False
A thermometer indirectly measures how fast a substance’s particles are moving.
True
True or False
Most substances freeze around 0 degrees C.
False
True or False
The sun and the stars are made mostly of molecular gases.
False
True or False
Evaporation is a type of vaporization
True
True or False
Your mass would be less on the moon than it is on the earth.
False
True or False
All forces act in pairs
True
True or False
Physicists have observed dark matter many times. They just don’t know how to measure it yet.
False
True or False
Potential energy can be converted to kinetic energy.
True
True or False
The term atom comes from the Greek word for “invisible”
False
True or False
All compounds are made of molecules, but not all molecules represent a compound.
False
Name three common field forces and tell what single thing most affects their strength.
Field forces include magnetic force, electrical force, and gravity. They are defined as forces that act between objects that are separated by distance. The field forces between objects decrease as they move farther apart.
How could your weight vary from one place to another even though your mass remains the same?
Weight is a measurement of the pull exerted by gravity. If you change altitudes or leave earth, the difference in gravity will be seen in a different weight.
