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8th grade earth science > Chapter 20 > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The weather in an area stays virtually the same for an entire week. What kind of front probably exists between the nearby air masses?

A

stationary

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2
Q

Which type of front involves two air masses where an existing air mass rises to make way for the incoming air mass?

A

cold

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3
Q

The Atacama Desert in Chile exists because moisture is dropped as snow and rain on one side of the Andes Mountains, leaving little moisture in the air on the other side. This rain shadow effect is caused by

A

orographic lifting

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4
Q

Winds flowing from different directions that come together in a locality force air masses aloft. Cloud formation and storms often result. What is the meteorological term for this process?

A

convergence

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5
Q

A “hook” appearing in the Doppler radar image of a severe storm is often the sign of a

A

tornado

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6
Q

A Nor’easter is described best as

A

a winter storm system that brings snow in from the Atlantic Ocean

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7
Q

A ___________ is NOT associated with a single cumulonimbus cloud

A

hurricane

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8
Q

If the time between a lightning flash and the sound of thunder is 3 seconds, how far has the sound traveled?

A

1 km (0.6 mi)

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9
Q

Which kind of violent storm has the greatest wind speed?

A

tornado

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10
Q

Some terms associated with tornadoes are:

A

strong cold fronts
updrafts
waterspouts

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11
Q

Names are assigned to __________ and _________

A

tropical cyclones and storms

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12
Q

Names are NOT assigned to __________

A

tornadoes

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13
Q

The following conditions can affect the path of a hurricane

A

jet stream
pressure system
trade winds

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14
Q

While hiking, you are surprised by a severe thunderstorm with lightning. The safest thing for you to do would be to

A

crouch down out in the open

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15
Q

When a warm air mass is trapped between two colliding colder air masses, it forms an

A

occluded front

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16
Q

The greatest danger from a severe thunderstorm comes not from wind or hail but from

A

lightning

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17
Q

Hurricanes that form in the middle latitudes are often less violent and are called

A

extratropical hurricanes

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18
Q

The huge waves that are produced far out in the ocean and precede the arrival of a hurricane are called the

A

storm swells

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19
Q

_____________ are lines on a weather map connecting areas of equal pressure. The placement of these lines can be used to predict wind speed and direction.

A

isobars

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20
Q

How would a maritime polar air mass compare to a continental tropical air mass

A

The maritime polar (mP) air mass would contain moist, relatively cold air, while the continental tropical (cT) air mass would contain dry, warm air

21
Q

What happens when a cold air mass meets a warm air mass?

A

Where the air masses meet, the warm air mass is lifted as the colder, denser air moves beneath it. This usually produces precipitation.

22
Q

List the four types of severe storms discussed in the test.

A

winter storms, thunderstorms, tornadoes, and hurricanes

23
Q

What are the greatest destructive features of a tornado?

A

rotating wind pressure and updraft

24
Q

What two factors does the Enhanced Fujita-Pearson Scale measure besides wind speed?

A

It also considers tornado path width and path length

25
Q

When in the life of a hurricane does its power and wind speed diminish?

A

Hurricanes lose intensity when they move over land or cooler water

26
Q

A blast of cool air that comes just before the rain of a thunderstorm is a(n) _____________

A

gust front

27
Q

A large body of air that has fairly uniform conditions is a(n) __________

A

air mass

28
Q

The boundary between two air masses is called a(n) _______

A

front

29
Q

Cloud-to-ground or cloud-to-cloud electrical discharge is called ______________

A

lightning

30
Q

A(n) ________________ occurs when a warmer air mass is replacing a colder air mass

A

warm front

31
Q

A(n) ___________ often has an anvil-shaped top

A

thunderhead

32
Q

A powerful, rotating storm that is likely to spawn a tornado is called a(n) _______________

A

supercell

33
Q

A line of violent thunderstorms along a cold front is called a(n) ____________

A

squall line

34
Q

Be able to identify the symbols from the weather map on page 493. Know the following symbols…..

A 
barometric pressure
dew point
wind speed and direction
air temperature
precipitation falling
35
Q

True or False

Air masses usually originate in windy locations, allowing them to move into other regions.

A

False

36
Q

True or False

Air masses of differing temperatures and humidities often mix.

A

False

37
Q

True or False

Most interactions among air masses cause precipitation.

A

True

38
Q

True or False

Thunderstorms develop only in the summer when the air is moist and warm

A

False

39
Q

True or False

Tornadoes are more common and more powerful in the United States than in any other country

A

True

40
Q

True or False

It is the extremely low pressure inside of a tornado’s funnel that can cause buildings to explode

A

False

41
Q

True or False

Hurricanes never form over land

A

True

42
Q

True or False

In the western Pacific, hurricanes are called typhoons

A

True

43
Q

True or False

Pressure in the eye of a hurricane is lower in the outer part of the hurricane

A

True

44
Q

True or False

A hurricane’s storm swell causes storm surge

A

False

45
Q

True or False

The National Weather Service releases a set of four synoptic maps daily

A

True

46
Q

How does the development and use of Doppler radar and weather satellites demonstrate love for others?

A

Radar technology and satellites enable us to better track storms and predict threatening conditions. In the case of hurricanes, this may lead to timely evacuations and prevent the loss of life. Property loss can also be reduced if people have time to secure or in other ways protect it. Doppler radar can give early warning of developing tornadoes or supercells that are capable of causing them. This can trigger storm warnings that give people time to take cover.

47
Q

What are some of the dangers of winter storms?

A

Snowfall on roadways makes driving hazardous, increasing the probability of accidents. At the same time, emergency vehicles have greater difficulty responding to those with needs. Heavy snow and ice buildup on trees can not only damage the trees but may also bring down power lines, interrupting electrical service to homes and industry.

48
Q

What factors affect where a hurricane forms?

A

A hurricane must form in the tropics where the water is warm, but it must form far enough away from the Equator so that the Coriolis effect can begin its rotation. It forms over the ocean rather than over land. The ocean exerts little friction on its cyclonic circulation and provides its source of energy.

8th grade earth science (10 decks)

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